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COVID-19 Induces Body Composition and Metabolic Alterations

Background Individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are highly susceptible to disease-related metabolic dysregulation given the hyperinflammatory immune response of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These changes are remarkably involved in multiple s...

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Autores principales: Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Hosein, Mardani, Maryam, Osati, Saeed, Ehrampoush, Elham, Davoodi, Seyed Hossein, Homayounfar, Reza
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9953753/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36843827
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.34196
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author Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Hosein
Mardani, Maryam
Osati, Saeed
Ehrampoush, Elham
Davoodi, Seyed Hossein
Homayounfar, Reza
author_facet Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Hosein
Mardani, Maryam
Osati, Saeed
Ehrampoush, Elham
Davoodi, Seyed Hossein
Homayounfar, Reza
author_sort Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Hosein
collection PubMed
description Background Individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are highly susceptible to disease-related metabolic dysregulation given the hyperinflammatory immune response of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These changes are remarkably involved in multiple steps in adipogenesis and lipolysis. This study aimed to elaborate on the significant relations of COVID-19 infection with body fat distribution, changes in serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels before and after the infection. Methods In this follow-up study, from July 2021 to September 2021, persons referred to a university-affiliated Nutrition Counselling Clinic were randomly selected for the study samples. Validated food frequency (FFQ) and physical activity questionnaires were completed. Body composition was assessed in this investigation. On the second visit, those who reported mild to moderate COVID-19 infection (without hospitalization) were selected as the case group and the asymptomatic individuals as the control group. All measurements were re-measured in the second visit. Results In a total of 441 patients, the mean age was 38.82±4.63 years. There were 224 (50.79%) male subjects, and 217 (49.20%) were females. There was a statistically significant difference in the longitudinal change in total fat percentage between subjects with and without COVID-19. Also, the difference in HOMA-IR before and after COVID-19 in case groups (both males and females) was statistically significant (P-value < 0.001). Moreover, serum insulin levels were significantly increased in all cases (P-value < 0.001), while remaining stable in control groups. When compared to their initial visit, COVID-19 patients' total fat percentage rose significantly (almost 2%) following a hypocaloric diet. Participants who were not infected with COVID-19 had a lower total fat percentage than those who were. Serum insulin and HOMA-IR levels increased significantly after infection compared to the primary measurements. Conclusion Individuals with COVID-19 infection may require tailored medical nutrition therapy to improve short and long-term COVID-19 outcomes such as muscle loss and fat accommodation.
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spelling pubmed-99537532023-02-25 COVID-19 Induces Body Composition and Metabolic Alterations Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Hosein Mardani, Maryam Osati, Saeed Ehrampoush, Elham Davoodi, Seyed Hossein Homayounfar, Reza Cureus Internal Medicine Background Individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are highly susceptible to disease-related metabolic dysregulation given the hyperinflammatory immune response of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These changes are remarkably involved in multiple steps in adipogenesis and lipolysis. This study aimed to elaborate on the significant relations of COVID-19 infection with body fat distribution, changes in serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels before and after the infection. Methods In this follow-up study, from July 2021 to September 2021, persons referred to a university-affiliated Nutrition Counselling Clinic were randomly selected for the study samples. Validated food frequency (FFQ) and physical activity questionnaires were completed. Body composition was assessed in this investigation. On the second visit, those who reported mild to moderate COVID-19 infection (without hospitalization) were selected as the case group and the asymptomatic individuals as the control group. All measurements were re-measured in the second visit. Results In a total of 441 patients, the mean age was 38.82±4.63 years. There were 224 (50.79%) male subjects, and 217 (49.20%) were females. There was a statistically significant difference in the longitudinal change in total fat percentage between subjects with and without COVID-19. Also, the difference in HOMA-IR before and after COVID-19 in case groups (both males and females) was statistically significant (P-value < 0.001). Moreover, serum insulin levels were significantly increased in all cases (P-value < 0.001), while remaining stable in control groups. When compared to their initial visit, COVID-19 patients' total fat percentage rose significantly (almost 2%) following a hypocaloric diet. Participants who were not infected with COVID-19 had a lower total fat percentage than those who were. Serum insulin and HOMA-IR levels increased significantly after infection compared to the primary measurements. Conclusion Individuals with COVID-19 infection may require tailored medical nutrition therapy to improve short and long-term COVID-19 outcomes such as muscle loss and fat accommodation. Cureus 2023-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9953753/ /pubmed/36843827 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.34196 Text en Copyright © 2023, Yazdanpanah et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Internal Medicine
Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Hosein
Mardani, Maryam
Osati, Saeed
Ehrampoush, Elham
Davoodi, Seyed Hossein
Homayounfar, Reza
COVID-19 Induces Body Composition and Metabolic Alterations
title COVID-19 Induces Body Composition and Metabolic Alterations
title_full COVID-19 Induces Body Composition and Metabolic Alterations
title_fullStr COVID-19 Induces Body Composition and Metabolic Alterations
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 Induces Body Composition and Metabolic Alterations
title_short COVID-19 Induces Body Composition and Metabolic Alterations
title_sort covid-19 induces body composition and metabolic alterations
topic Internal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9953753/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36843827
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.34196
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