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EEG Features in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Analysis in a Cohort of Preschool Children

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that can be associated with intellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy (E). The etiology and the pathogenesis of this disorder is in most cases still to be clarified. Several studies have underlined that the EEG recordings in chi...

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Autores principales: Santarone, Marta Elena, Zambrano, Stefania, Zanotta, Nicoletta, Mani, Elisa, Minghetti, Sara, Pozzi, Marco, Villa, Laura, Molteni, Massimo, Zucca, Claudio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9954463/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36831889
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020345
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author Santarone, Marta Elena
Zambrano, Stefania
Zanotta, Nicoletta
Mani, Elisa
Minghetti, Sara
Pozzi, Marco
Villa, Laura
Molteni, Massimo
Zucca, Claudio
author_facet Santarone, Marta Elena
Zambrano, Stefania
Zanotta, Nicoletta
Mani, Elisa
Minghetti, Sara
Pozzi, Marco
Villa, Laura
Molteni, Massimo
Zucca, Claudio
author_sort Santarone, Marta Elena
collection PubMed
description Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that can be associated with intellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy (E). The etiology and the pathogenesis of this disorder is in most cases still to be clarified. Several studies have underlined that the EEG recordings in children with these clinical pictures are abnormal, however the precise frequency of these abnormalities and their relationship with the pathogenic mechanisms and in particular with epileptic seizures are still unknown. We retrospectively reviewed 292 routine polysomnographic EEG tracings of preschool children (age < 6 years) who had received a first multidisciplinary diagnosis of ASD according to DSM-5 clinical criteria. Children (mean age: 34.6 months) were diagnosed at IRCCS E. Medea (Bosisio Parini, Italy). We evaluated: the background activity during wakefulness and sleep, the presence and the characteristics (focal or diffuse) of the slow-waves abnormalities and the interictal epileptiform discharges. In 78.0% of cases the EEG recordings were found to be abnormal, particularly during sleep. Paroxysmal slowing and epileptiform abnormalities were found in the 28.4% of the subjects, confirming the high percentage of abnormal polysomnographic EEG recordings in children with ASD. These alterations seem to be more correlated with the characteristics of the underlying pathology than with intellectual disability and epilepsy. In particular, we underline the possible significance of the prevalence of EEG abnormalities during sleep. Moreover, we analyzed the possibility that EEG data reduces the ASD clinical heterogeneity and suggests the exams to be carried out to clarify the etiology of the disorder.
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spelling pubmed-99544632023-02-25 EEG Features in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Analysis in a Cohort of Preschool Children Santarone, Marta Elena Zambrano, Stefania Zanotta, Nicoletta Mani, Elisa Minghetti, Sara Pozzi, Marco Villa, Laura Molteni, Massimo Zucca, Claudio Brain Sci Article Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that can be associated with intellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy (E). The etiology and the pathogenesis of this disorder is in most cases still to be clarified. Several studies have underlined that the EEG recordings in children with these clinical pictures are abnormal, however the precise frequency of these abnormalities and their relationship with the pathogenic mechanisms and in particular with epileptic seizures are still unknown. We retrospectively reviewed 292 routine polysomnographic EEG tracings of preschool children (age < 6 years) who had received a first multidisciplinary diagnosis of ASD according to DSM-5 clinical criteria. Children (mean age: 34.6 months) were diagnosed at IRCCS E. Medea (Bosisio Parini, Italy). We evaluated: the background activity during wakefulness and sleep, the presence and the characteristics (focal or diffuse) of the slow-waves abnormalities and the interictal epileptiform discharges. In 78.0% of cases the EEG recordings were found to be abnormal, particularly during sleep. Paroxysmal slowing and epileptiform abnormalities were found in the 28.4% of the subjects, confirming the high percentage of abnormal polysomnographic EEG recordings in children with ASD. These alterations seem to be more correlated with the characteristics of the underlying pathology than with intellectual disability and epilepsy. In particular, we underline the possible significance of the prevalence of EEG abnormalities during sleep. Moreover, we analyzed the possibility that EEG data reduces the ASD clinical heterogeneity and suggests the exams to be carried out to clarify the etiology of the disorder. MDPI 2023-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9954463/ /pubmed/36831889 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020345 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Santarone, Marta Elena
Zambrano, Stefania
Zanotta, Nicoletta
Mani, Elisa
Minghetti, Sara
Pozzi, Marco
Villa, Laura
Molteni, Massimo
Zucca, Claudio
EEG Features in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Analysis in a Cohort of Preschool Children
title EEG Features in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Analysis in a Cohort of Preschool Children
title_full EEG Features in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Analysis in a Cohort of Preschool Children
title_fullStr EEG Features in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Analysis in a Cohort of Preschool Children
title_full_unstemmed EEG Features in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Analysis in a Cohort of Preschool Children
title_short EEG Features in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Analysis in a Cohort of Preschool Children
title_sort eeg features in autism spectrum disorder: a retrospective analysis in a cohort of preschool children
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9954463/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36831889
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020345
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