Advances in the Study of Hyperprogression of Different Tumors Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Antibody and the Mechanisms of Its Occurrence

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown great clinical success in treating patients with various forms of cancer in recent years. However, as immune checkpoint inhibitors have become more widely used, a side effect known as hyperprogression has been recognized, which can accelerate tumor growth in patients and be life-threatening. Here, we discuss the current therapeutic status of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, the occurrence of HPD in various types of tumors, and the underlying mechanisms. It is hoped that researchers will investigate the mechanisms involved in HPD in greater depth to achieve better tumor treatment outcomes. ABSTRACT: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, have demonstrated significant clinical benefits in the treatment of individuals with many types of cancer. However, as more and more patients use such therapies, the side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors have also been discovered. These include accelerated tumor growth in some patients, creating new lesions, and even life-threatening ones. These side effects are known as hyperprogression disease (HPD), and different types of tumors have different HPD conditions after ICIs treatment. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of HPD and predicting its occurrence is critical for patients using ICIs therapy. Here, we will briefly review the current status of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody therapy, HPD occurrence in various types of tumors, and the underlying mechanism.