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Sleep in Disorders of Consciousness: A Brief Overview on a Still under Investigated Issue
Consciousness is a multifaceted concept, involving both wakefulness, i.e., a condition of being alert that is regulated by the brainstem, and awareness, a subjective experience of any thoughts or perception or emotion. Recently, the European Academy of Neurology has published international guideline...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9954700/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36831818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020275 |
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author | Raciti, Loredana Raciti, Gianfranco Militi, David Tonin, Paolo Quartarone, Angelo Calabrò, Rocco Salvatore |
author_facet | Raciti, Loredana Raciti, Gianfranco Militi, David Tonin, Paolo Quartarone, Angelo Calabrò, Rocco Salvatore |
author_sort | Raciti, Loredana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Consciousness is a multifaceted concept, involving both wakefulness, i.e., a condition of being alert that is regulated by the brainstem, and awareness, a subjective experience of any thoughts or perception or emotion. Recently, the European Academy of Neurology has published international guidelines for a better diagnosis of coma and other disorders of consciousness (DOC) through the investigation of sleep patterns, such as slow-wave and REM, and the study of the EEG using machine learning methods and artificial intelligence. The management of sleep disorders in DOC patients is an increasingly hot topic and deserves careful diagnosis, to allow for the most accurate prognosis and the best medical treatment possible. The aim of this review was to investigate the anatomo-physiological basis of the sleep/wake cycle, as well as the main sleep patterns and sleep disorders in patients with DOC. We found that the sleep characteristics in DOC patients are still controversial. DOC patients often present a theta/delta pattern, while epileptiform activity, as well as other sleep elements, have been reported as correlating with outcomes in patients with coma and DOC. The absence of spindles, as well as REM and K-complexes of NREM sleep, have been used as poor predictors for early awakening in DOC patients, especially in UWS patients. Therefore, sleep could be considered a marker of DOC recovery, and effective treatments for sleep disorders may either indirectly or directly favor recovery of consciousness. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9954700 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99547002023-02-25 Sleep in Disorders of Consciousness: A Brief Overview on a Still under Investigated Issue Raciti, Loredana Raciti, Gianfranco Militi, David Tonin, Paolo Quartarone, Angelo Calabrò, Rocco Salvatore Brain Sci Review Consciousness is a multifaceted concept, involving both wakefulness, i.e., a condition of being alert that is regulated by the brainstem, and awareness, a subjective experience of any thoughts or perception or emotion. Recently, the European Academy of Neurology has published international guidelines for a better diagnosis of coma and other disorders of consciousness (DOC) through the investigation of sleep patterns, such as slow-wave and REM, and the study of the EEG using machine learning methods and artificial intelligence. The management of sleep disorders in DOC patients is an increasingly hot topic and deserves careful diagnosis, to allow for the most accurate prognosis and the best medical treatment possible. The aim of this review was to investigate the anatomo-physiological basis of the sleep/wake cycle, as well as the main sleep patterns and sleep disorders in patients with DOC. We found that the sleep characteristics in DOC patients are still controversial. DOC patients often present a theta/delta pattern, while epileptiform activity, as well as other sleep elements, have been reported as correlating with outcomes in patients with coma and DOC. The absence of spindles, as well as REM and K-complexes of NREM sleep, have been used as poor predictors for early awakening in DOC patients, especially in UWS patients. Therefore, sleep could be considered a marker of DOC recovery, and effective treatments for sleep disorders may either indirectly or directly favor recovery of consciousness. MDPI 2023-02-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9954700/ /pubmed/36831818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020275 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Raciti, Loredana Raciti, Gianfranco Militi, David Tonin, Paolo Quartarone, Angelo Calabrò, Rocco Salvatore Sleep in Disorders of Consciousness: A Brief Overview on a Still under Investigated Issue |
title | Sleep in Disorders of Consciousness: A Brief Overview on a Still under Investigated Issue |
title_full | Sleep in Disorders of Consciousness: A Brief Overview on a Still under Investigated Issue |
title_fullStr | Sleep in Disorders of Consciousness: A Brief Overview on a Still under Investigated Issue |
title_full_unstemmed | Sleep in Disorders of Consciousness: A Brief Overview on a Still under Investigated Issue |
title_short | Sleep in Disorders of Consciousness: A Brief Overview on a Still under Investigated Issue |
title_sort | sleep in disorders of consciousness: a brief overview on a still under investigated issue |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9954700/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36831818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020275 |
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