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Long-Term Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in a Single Center

Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis in children. There is a high probability of recovery if treated promptly. We aimed to analyze the clinical features and long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with anti-NMDA receptor encep...

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Autores principales: Wu, Pei-Yu, Chi, Ching-Shiang, Tsai, Chi-Ren, Yang, Yao-Lun, Lee, Hsiu-Fen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9954979/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36832312
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10020182
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author Wu, Pei-Yu
Chi, Ching-Shiang
Tsai, Chi-Ren
Yang, Yao-Lun
Lee, Hsiu-Fen
author_facet Wu, Pei-Yu
Chi, Ching-Shiang
Tsai, Chi-Ren
Yang, Yao-Lun
Lee, Hsiu-Fen
author_sort Wu, Pei-Yu
collection PubMed
description Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis in children. There is a high probability of recovery if treated promptly. We aimed to analyze the clinical features and long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Method: We conducted a retrospective study with definite diagnoses of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in 11 children treated in a tertiary referral center between March 2012 and March 2022. Clinical features, ancillary tests, treatment, and outcomes were reviewed. Results: The median age at disease onset was 7.9 years. There were eight females (72.7%) and three males (27.3%). Three (27.3%) patients initially presented with focal and/or generalized seizures and eight (72.7%) with behavioral change. Seven patients (63.6%) revealed normal brain MRI scans. Seven (63.6%) had abnormal EEG results. Ten patients (90.1%) received intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroid, and/or plasmapheresis. After a median follow-up duration of 3.5 years, one patient was lost to follow-up at the acute stage, nine (90%) had an mRS ≤ 2, and only one had an mRS of 3. Conclusions: With the early recognition of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis based on its clinical features and ancillary tests, we were able to treat patients promptly with first-line treatment and achieve favorable neurological outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-99549792023-02-25 Long-Term Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in a Single Center Wu, Pei-Yu Chi, Ching-Shiang Tsai, Chi-Ren Yang, Yao-Lun Lee, Hsiu-Fen Children (Basel) Article Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis in children. There is a high probability of recovery if treated promptly. We aimed to analyze the clinical features and long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Method: We conducted a retrospective study with definite diagnoses of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in 11 children treated in a tertiary referral center between March 2012 and March 2022. Clinical features, ancillary tests, treatment, and outcomes were reviewed. Results: The median age at disease onset was 7.9 years. There were eight females (72.7%) and three males (27.3%). Three (27.3%) patients initially presented with focal and/or generalized seizures and eight (72.7%) with behavioral change. Seven patients (63.6%) revealed normal brain MRI scans. Seven (63.6%) had abnormal EEG results. Ten patients (90.1%) received intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroid, and/or plasmapheresis. After a median follow-up duration of 3.5 years, one patient was lost to follow-up at the acute stage, nine (90%) had an mRS ≤ 2, and only one had an mRS of 3. Conclusions: With the early recognition of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis based on its clinical features and ancillary tests, we were able to treat patients promptly with first-line treatment and achieve favorable neurological outcomes. MDPI 2023-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9954979/ /pubmed/36832312 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10020182 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wu, Pei-Yu
Chi, Ching-Shiang
Tsai, Chi-Ren
Yang, Yao-Lun
Lee, Hsiu-Fen
Long-Term Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in a Single Center
title Long-Term Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in a Single Center
title_full Long-Term Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in a Single Center
title_fullStr Long-Term Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in a Single Center
title_full_unstemmed Long-Term Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in a Single Center
title_short Long-Term Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in a Single Center
title_sort long-term outcome of pediatric patients with anti-nmda receptor encephalitis in a single center
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9954979/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36832312
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10020182
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