Quantitative Analysis of the Head Tilt Using Three-Dimensional Temporal Scan in Children with Torticollis

The head tilt of patients with torticollis is usually evaluated subjectively in clinical practice and measuring it in young children is very limited due to poor cooperation. No study has yet evaluated the head tilt using a three-dimensional (3D) scan and compared it with other measurement methods. Therefore, this study aimed to objectively demonstrate head tilt through clinical measurements and a 3D scan in children with torticollis. A total of 52 children (30 males, 22 females; age 4.6 ± 3.2 years) diagnosed with torticollis and 52 adults (26 men, 26 women; age 34.42 ± 10.4 years) without torticollis participated in this study. The clinical measurements were performed using a goniometer and still photography methods. Additionally, the head tilt was analyzed using a 3D scanner (3dMD scan, 3dMD Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA). There was a high correlation between the other methods and 3D angles, and the cut-off value of the 3D angles for the diagnosis of torticollis was also presented. The area under the curve of the 3D angle was 0.872, which was confirmed by a moderately accurate test and showed a strong correlation compared with other conventional tests. Therefore, we suggest that measuring the degree of torticollis three-dimensionally is significant.