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Increasing Nitrogen Losses Due to Changing Food Consumption Patterns in Bayannur City, China

Increasing urbanization and affluence have led to changes in food consumption patterns. The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers ensures food security but also leads to environmental pollution due to N losses, through processes such as acidification, eutrophication, and greenhouse gas emissions....

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Autores principales: Liang, Yihang, Zhang, Yanqin, Wang, Yuyue, Kong, Xinggong, Cai, Zucong, Wang, Yanhua
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9955498/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36832827
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12040752
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author Liang, Yihang
Zhang, Yanqin
Wang, Yuyue
Kong, Xinggong
Cai, Zucong
Wang, Yanhua
author_facet Liang, Yihang
Zhang, Yanqin
Wang, Yuyue
Kong, Xinggong
Cai, Zucong
Wang, Yanhua
author_sort Liang, Yihang
collection PubMed
description Increasing urbanization and affluence have led to changes in food consumption patterns. The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers ensures food security but also leads to environmental pollution due to N losses, through processes such as acidification, eutrophication, and greenhouse gas emissions. To clarify whether changes in food consumption patterns could increase N losses and to explore sustainable food system pathways, this study integrated the Chinese Food System Dashboard and the Nutrient Flows in Food Chains, Environment and Resources Use model to quantify and compare the link between food consumption and N losses in different agricultural regions using a case study of Bayannur City in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2016. During the study period, Bayannur’s food consumption pattern changed from a “high carbohydrate and pork pattern” to a “high fiber and herbivore pattern”, which represents a shift from low to high N consumption. The per-capita food consumption decreased by 11.55% from 425.41 kg cap(−1), whereas the per-capita N losses increased by 12.42% from 35.60 kg N cap(−1). The average share of the plant-oriented and animal-oriented food supply in these losses was 53.39% and 46.61%, respectively. There were differences in the food consumption patterns and N losses in Bayannur’s farming, farming–pastoral, and pastoral regions. The changes in N losses were most significant in the pastoral region. The N losses to the environment increased sharply by 112.33% from 22.75 g N cap(−1) over the past 16 years. The low level of economic development in Bayannur resulted in a shift in the food consumption pattern to a high N consumption. Four measures to protect food security and reduce the food N cost were proposed: (1) increasing the wheat planting area and maintaining the existing corn one; (2) expanding the scale of high-quality alfalfa planting; (3) enhancing the area of oat grass and wheat replanting; and (4) using modern planting technology.
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spelling pubmed-99554982023-02-25 Increasing Nitrogen Losses Due to Changing Food Consumption Patterns in Bayannur City, China Liang, Yihang Zhang, Yanqin Wang, Yuyue Kong, Xinggong Cai, Zucong Wang, Yanhua Foods Article Increasing urbanization and affluence have led to changes in food consumption patterns. The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers ensures food security but also leads to environmental pollution due to N losses, through processes such as acidification, eutrophication, and greenhouse gas emissions. To clarify whether changes in food consumption patterns could increase N losses and to explore sustainable food system pathways, this study integrated the Chinese Food System Dashboard and the Nutrient Flows in Food Chains, Environment and Resources Use model to quantify and compare the link between food consumption and N losses in different agricultural regions using a case study of Bayannur City in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2016. During the study period, Bayannur’s food consumption pattern changed from a “high carbohydrate and pork pattern” to a “high fiber and herbivore pattern”, which represents a shift from low to high N consumption. The per-capita food consumption decreased by 11.55% from 425.41 kg cap(−1), whereas the per-capita N losses increased by 12.42% from 35.60 kg N cap(−1). The average share of the plant-oriented and animal-oriented food supply in these losses was 53.39% and 46.61%, respectively. There were differences in the food consumption patterns and N losses in Bayannur’s farming, farming–pastoral, and pastoral regions. The changes in N losses were most significant in the pastoral region. The N losses to the environment increased sharply by 112.33% from 22.75 g N cap(−1) over the past 16 years. The low level of economic development in Bayannur resulted in a shift in the food consumption pattern to a high N consumption. Four measures to protect food security and reduce the food N cost were proposed: (1) increasing the wheat planting area and maintaining the existing corn one; (2) expanding the scale of high-quality alfalfa planting; (3) enhancing the area of oat grass and wheat replanting; and (4) using modern planting technology. MDPI 2023-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9955498/ /pubmed/36832827 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12040752 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Liang, Yihang
Zhang, Yanqin
Wang, Yuyue
Kong, Xinggong
Cai, Zucong
Wang, Yanhua
Increasing Nitrogen Losses Due to Changing Food Consumption Patterns in Bayannur City, China
title Increasing Nitrogen Losses Due to Changing Food Consumption Patterns in Bayannur City, China
title_full Increasing Nitrogen Losses Due to Changing Food Consumption Patterns in Bayannur City, China
title_fullStr Increasing Nitrogen Losses Due to Changing Food Consumption Patterns in Bayannur City, China
title_full_unstemmed Increasing Nitrogen Losses Due to Changing Food Consumption Patterns in Bayannur City, China
title_short Increasing Nitrogen Losses Due to Changing Food Consumption Patterns in Bayannur City, China
title_sort increasing nitrogen losses due to changing food consumption patterns in bayannur city, china
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9955498/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36832827
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12040752
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