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SARS-CoV-2 Infection as a Possible Trigger for IgA-Associated Vasculitis: A Case Report

Background: IgA-associated vasculitis (IgAV), formerly known as Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) disease, is the most common type of systemic vasculitis observed during developmental age. Available published studies associate the outbreak of the disease with streptococci, adenovirus, parvovirus, mycop...

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Autores principales: Machura, Edyta, Krakowczyk, Helena, Bąk-Drabik, Katarzyna, Szczepańska, Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9955818/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36832473
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10020344
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author Machura, Edyta
Krakowczyk, Helena
Bąk-Drabik, Katarzyna
Szczepańska, Maria
author_facet Machura, Edyta
Krakowczyk, Helena
Bąk-Drabik, Katarzyna
Szczepańska, Maria
author_sort Machura, Edyta
collection PubMed
description Background: IgA-associated vasculitis (IgAV), formerly known as Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) disease, is the most common type of systemic vasculitis observed during developmental age. Available published studies associate the outbreak of the disease with streptococci, adenovirus, parvovirus, mycoplasma, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza infection in approximately 50% of patients with HSP, while some emerging reports have described a few cases of COVID-19 infection being associated with HSP in both adults and children. Case presentation: a 7-year-old girl was diagnosed with HSP, fulfilling the four required clinical criteria (palpable purpura and abdominal pain, arthralgia and edema, and periodic renal involvement). Infection with SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed via the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies. The disclosure of the Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) disease was preceded by a mild, symptomatically treated infection of the upper respiratory tract. High levels of inflammatory markers were observed during hospitalization, including leukocytosis, an increased neutrophil count and a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). All of these markers are associated with IgAV gastrointestinal bleeding, which was also associated with rotavirus diarrhea observed in the patient. Conclusions: This case presented by us and similar cases presented by other authors indicate the possible role of SARS-CoV-2 in the development of HSP, but this assumption requires further research and evidence-based verification.
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spelling pubmed-99558182023-02-25 SARS-CoV-2 Infection as a Possible Trigger for IgA-Associated Vasculitis: A Case Report Machura, Edyta Krakowczyk, Helena Bąk-Drabik, Katarzyna Szczepańska, Maria Children (Basel) Case Report Background: IgA-associated vasculitis (IgAV), formerly known as Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) disease, is the most common type of systemic vasculitis observed during developmental age. Available published studies associate the outbreak of the disease with streptococci, adenovirus, parvovirus, mycoplasma, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza infection in approximately 50% of patients with HSP, while some emerging reports have described a few cases of COVID-19 infection being associated with HSP in both adults and children. Case presentation: a 7-year-old girl was diagnosed with HSP, fulfilling the four required clinical criteria (palpable purpura and abdominal pain, arthralgia and edema, and periodic renal involvement). Infection with SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed via the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies. The disclosure of the Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) disease was preceded by a mild, symptomatically treated infection of the upper respiratory tract. High levels of inflammatory markers were observed during hospitalization, including leukocytosis, an increased neutrophil count and a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). All of these markers are associated with IgAV gastrointestinal bleeding, which was also associated with rotavirus diarrhea observed in the patient. Conclusions: This case presented by us and similar cases presented by other authors indicate the possible role of SARS-CoV-2 in the development of HSP, but this assumption requires further research and evidence-based verification. MDPI 2023-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9955818/ /pubmed/36832473 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10020344 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Case Report
Machura, Edyta
Krakowczyk, Helena
Bąk-Drabik, Katarzyna
Szczepańska, Maria
SARS-CoV-2 Infection as a Possible Trigger for IgA-Associated Vasculitis: A Case Report
title SARS-CoV-2 Infection as a Possible Trigger for IgA-Associated Vasculitis: A Case Report
title_full SARS-CoV-2 Infection as a Possible Trigger for IgA-Associated Vasculitis: A Case Report
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 Infection as a Possible Trigger for IgA-Associated Vasculitis: A Case Report
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection as a Possible Trigger for IgA-Associated Vasculitis: A Case Report
title_short SARS-CoV-2 Infection as a Possible Trigger for IgA-Associated Vasculitis: A Case Report
title_sort sars-cov-2 infection as a possible trigger for iga-associated vasculitis: a case report
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9955818/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36832473
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10020344
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