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Preparation and Characterization of Silymarin Gel: A Novel Topical Mucoadhesive Formulation for Potential Applicability in Oral Pathologies
Silybum marianum has been used for centuries by herbalists and physicians to treat different forms of liver diseases. It contains flavonoid, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and anticancer properties. The objective of this research was to develop a silymarin-based mucoadhesive...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9956077/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36826309 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9020139 |
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author | Venugopal, Divyambika Catakapatri Senthilnathan, Reshma Devi Maanvizhi, Saba Madhavan, Yasasve Sankarapandian, Sathasivasubramanian Ramshankar, Vijayalakshmi Kalachaveedu, Mangathayaru |
author_facet | Venugopal, Divyambika Catakapatri Senthilnathan, Reshma Devi Maanvizhi, Saba Madhavan, Yasasve Sankarapandian, Sathasivasubramanian Ramshankar, Vijayalakshmi Kalachaveedu, Mangathayaru |
author_sort | Venugopal, Divyambika Catakapatri |
collection | PubMed |
description | Silybum marianum has been used for centuries by herbalists and physicians to treat different forms of liver diseases. It contains flavonoid, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and anticancer properties. The objective of this research was to develop a silymarin-based mucoadhesive gel for prolonged release in oral mucosa and to evaluate the same by using in vitro drug release kinetic models and ex vivo methods for drug permeation using chicken buccal mucosa. The mucoadhesive gel was formulated in different trials by varying the concentration of silymarin and polymer. Out of 10 formulation trials, the F10 optimized trial was characterized for in vitro physicochemical parameters such as pH, homogeneity, viscosity, stability, drug content, in vitro drug release, in vitro antioxidant assay and ex vivo permeation study. Trial 10 was chosen as the best trial formulation among the other trials and was marked as an optimal trial. The physicochemical properties observed were pH to be 6.4 ± 0.01, the gel free of lumps, spreadability of 23.75 ± 0.03 and drug content of 32.77 ± 0.20 mg/g. It had no physiological changes such as color shift or fluid exudate segregation after 6 months of storage at room temperature. In vitro drug release established the presence of a non-fickian mechanism and demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidant activity. Ex vivo findings indicated 21.97 ± 0.18% release, proving that the gel can permeate through the oral mucosal membrane. Our future research will concentrate on expanding the therapeutic scope by developing the formulation trial F10 to a nanoformulation and conducting clinical trials for its potential use in various oral diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9956077 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99560772023-02-25 Preparation and Characterization of Silymarin Gel: A Novel Topical Mucoadhesive Formulation for Potential Applicability in Oral Pathologies Venugopal, Divyambika Catakapatri Senthilnathan, Reshma Devi Maanvizhi, Saba Madhavan, Yasasve Sankarapandian, Sathasivasubramanian Ramshankar, Vijayalakshmi Kalachaveedu, Mangathayaru Gels Article Silybum marianum has been used for centuries by herbalists and physicians to treat different forms of liver diseases. It contains flavonoid, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and anticancer properties. The objective of this research was to develop a silymarin-based mucoadhesive gel for prolonged release in oral mucosa and to evaluate the same by using in vitro drug release kinetic models and ex vivo methods for drug permeation using chicken buccal mucosa. The mucoadhesive gel was formulated in different trials by varying the concentration of silymarin and polymer. Out of 10 formulation trials, the F10 optimized trial was characterized for in vitro physicochemical parameters such as pH, homogeneity, viscosity, stability, drug content, in vitro drug release, in vitro antioxidant assay and ex vivo permeation study. Trial 10 was chosen as the best trial formulation among the other trials and was marked as an optimal trial. The physicochemical properties observed were pH to be 6.4 ± 0.01, the gel free of lumps, spreadability of 23.75 ± 0.03 and drug content of 32.77 ± 0.20 mg/g. It had no physiological changes such as color shift or fluid exudate segregation after 6 months of storage at room temperature. In vitro drug release established the presence of a non-fickian mechanism and demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidant activity. Ex vivo findings indicated 21.97 ± 0.18% release, proving that the gel can permeate through the oral mucosal membrane. Our future research will concentrate on expanding the therapeutic scope by developing the formulation trial F10 to a nanoformulation and conducting clinical trials for its potential use in various oral diseases. MDPI 2023-02-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9956077/ /pubmed/36826309 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9020139 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Venugopal, Divyambika Catakapatri Senthilnathan, Reshma Devi Maanvizhi, Saba Madhavan, Yasasve Sankarapandian, Sathasivasubramanian Ramshankar, Vijayalakshmi Kalachaveedu, Mangathayaru Preparation and Characterization of Silymarin Gel: A Novel Topical Mucoadhesive Formulation for Potential Applicability in Oral Pathologies |
title | Preparation and Characterization of Silymarin Gel: A Novel Topical Mucoadhesive Formulation for Potential Applicability in Oral Pathologies |
title_full | Preparation and Characterization of Silymarin Gel: A Novel Topical Mucoadhesive Formulation for Potential Applicability in Oral Pathologies |
title_fullStr | Preparation and Characterization of Silymarin Gel: A Novel Topical Mucoadhesive Formulation for Potential Applicability in Oral Pathologies |
title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and Characterization of Silymarin Gel: A Novel Topical Mucoadhesive Formulation for Potential Applicability in Oral Pathologies |
title_short | Preparation and Characterization of Silymarin Gel: A Novel Topical Mucoadhesive Formulation for Potential Applicability in Oral Pathologies |
title_sort | preparation and characterization of silymarin gel: a novel topical mucoadhesive formulation for potential applicability in oral pathologies |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9956077/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36826309 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9020139 |
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