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The Impact of Variation in the Toll-like Receptor 3 Gene on Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Illinois Wild White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) leads to high mortality in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and is caused by a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays a role in host immune detection and response to dsRNA viruses. We, therefore, examined the role of genetic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9956177/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36833353 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14020426 |
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author | Wessels, Jacob E. Ishida, Yasuko Rivera, Nelda A. Stirewalt, Spencer L. Brown, William M. Novakofski, Jan E. Roca, Alfred L. Mateus-Pinilla, Nohra E. |
author_facet | Wessels, Jacob E. Ishida, Yasuko Rivera, Nelda A. Stirewalt, Spencer L. Brown, William M. Novakofski, Jan E. Roca, Alfred L. Mateus-Pinilla, Nohra E. |
author_sort | Wessels, Jacob E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) leads to high mortality in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and is caused by a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays a role in host immune detection and response to dsRNA viruses. We, therefore, examined the role of genetic variation within the TLR3 gene in EHD among 84 Illinois wild white-tailed deer (26 EHD-positive deer and 58 EHD-negative controls). The entire coding region of the TLR3 gene was sequenced: 2715 base pairs encoding 904 amino acids. We identified 85 haplotypes with 77 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 45 were synonymous mutations and 32 were non-synonymous. Two non-synonymous SNPs differed significantly in frequency between EHD-positive and EHD-negative deer. In the EHD-positive deer, phenylalanine was relatively less likely to be encoded at codon positions 59 and 116, whereas leucine and serine (respectively) were detected less frequently in EHD-negative deer. Both amino acid substitutions were predicted to impact protein structure or function. Understanding associations between TLR3 polymorphisms and EHD provides insights into the role of host genetics in outbreaks of EHD in deer, which may allow wildlife agencies to better understand the severity of outbreaks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9956177 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99561772023-02-25 The Impact of Variation in the Toll-like Receptor 3 Gene on Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Illinois Wild White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Wessels, Jacob E. Ishida, Yasuko Rivera, Nelda A. Stirewalt, Spencer L. Brown, William M. Novakofski, Jan E. Roca, Alfred L. Mateus-Pinilla, Nohra E. Genes (Basel) Article Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) leads to high mortality in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and is caused by a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays a role in host immune detection and response to dsRNA viruses. We, therefore, examined the role of genetic variation within the TLR3 gene in EHD among 84 Illinois wild white-tailed deer (26 EHD-positive deer and 58 EHD-negative controls). The entire coding region of the TLR3 gene was sequenced: 2715 base pairs encoding 904 amino acids. We identified 85 haplotypes with 77 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 45 were synonymous mutations and 32 were non-synonymous. Two non-synonymous SNPs differed significantly in frequency between EHD-positive and EHD-negative deer. In the EHD-positive deer, phenylalanine was relatively less likely to be encoded at codon positions 59 and 116, whereas leucine and serine (respectively) were detected less frequently in EHD-negative deer. Both amino acid substitutions were predicted to impact protein structure or function. Understanding associations between TLR3 polymorphisms and EHD provides insights into the role of host genetics in outbreaks of EHD in deer, which may allow wildlife agencies to better understand the severity of outbreaks. MDPI 2023-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9956177/ /pubmed/36833353 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14020426 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wessels, Jacob E. Ishida, Yasuko Rivera, Nelda A. Stirewalt, Spencer L. Brown, William M. Novakofski, Jan E. Roca, Alfred L. Mateus-Pinilla, Nohra E. The Impact of Variation in the Toll-like Receptor 3 Gene on Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Illinois Wild White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
title | The Impact of Variation in the Toll-like Receptor 3 Gene on Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Illinois Wild White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
title_full | The Impact of Variation in the Toll-like Receptor 3 Gene on Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Illinois Wild White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
title_fullStr | The Impact of Variation in the Toll-like Receptor 3 Gene on Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Illinois Wild White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Variation in the Toll-like Receptor 3 Gene on Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Illinois Wild White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
title_short | The Impact of Variation in the Toll-like Receptor 3 Gene on Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Illinois Wild White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
title_sort | impact of variation in the toll-like receptor 3 gene on epizootic hemorrhagic disease in illinois wild white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9956177/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36833353 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14020426 |
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