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Milk from Halari Donkey Breed: Nutritional Analysis, Vitamins, Minerals, and Amino Acids Profiling
This current research set out to characterize Halari donkey milk by investigating its nutritional constituents, including its proximate analysis, water activity, titratable acidity, energy, and microbiological analysis. A comprehensive profiling of vitamins, minerals, and amino acids was also carrie...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9957152/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36832927 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12040853 |
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author | Garhwal, Renu Bhardwaj, Anuradha Sangwan, Karnam Mehra, Rahul Pal, Yash Nayan, Varij Iquebal, Mir Asif Jaiswal, Sarika Kumar, Harish |
author_facet | Garhwal, Renu Bhardwaj, Anuradha Sangwan, Karnam Mehra, Rahul Pal, Yash Nayan, Varij Iquebal, Mir Asif Jaiswal, Sarika Kumar, Harish |
author_sort | Garhwal, Renu |
collection | PubMed |
description | This current research set out to characterize Halari donkey milk by investigating its nutritional constituents, including its proximate analysis, water activity, titratable acidity, energy, and microbiological analysis. A comprehensive profiling of vitamins, minerals, and amino acids was also carried out. It was found that the composition of Halari donkey milk was consistent with previously published donkey milk literature and was comparable to that of human milk. Halari donkey milk has low 0.86 ± 0.04% fat content, 2.03 ± 0.03% protein content, 0.51 ± 0.05% ash content, and high 5.75 ± 0.15% lactose content making it sweet and palatable. The energy content of Halari donkey milk was 40.39 ± 0.31 kcal/100 g, and the water activity ranged from 0.973 to 0.975. Titratable acidity was 0.03 ± 0.01%. Halari donkey milk can be considered acceptable and microbiologically safe, having low total plate count and yeast and mould counts. Mineral testing revealed that Halari donkey milk included significant amounts of magnesium, sodium, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, and zinc. The concentration of different vitamins and amino acids such as isoleucine and valine also contribute to the nutritional value of Halari donkey milk. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9957152 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99571522023-02-25 Milk from Halari Donkey Breed: Nutritional Analysis, Vitamins, Minerals, and Amino Acids Profiling Garhwal, Renu Bhardwaj, Anuradha Sangwan, Karnam Mehra, Rahul Pal, Yash Nayan, Varij Iquebal, Mir Asif Jaiswal, Sarika Kumar, Harish Foods Article This current research set out to characterize Halari donkey milk by investigating its nutritional constituents, including its proximate analysis, water activity, titratable acidity, energy, and microbiological analysis. A comprehensive profiling of vitamins, minerals, and amino acids was also carried out. It was found that the composition of Halari donkey milk was consistent with previously published donkey milk literature and was comparable to that of human milk. Halari donkey milk has low 0.86 ± 0.04% fat content, 2.03 ± 0.03% protein content, 0.51 ± 0.05% ash content, and high 5.75 ± 0.15% lactose content making it sweet and palatable. The energy content of Halari donkey milk was 40.39 ± 0.31 kcal/100 g, and the water activity ranged from 0.973 to 0.975. Titratable acidity was 0.03 ± 0.01%. Halari donkey milk can be considered acceptable and microbiologically safe, having low total plate count and yeast and mould counts. Mineral testing revealed that Halari donkey milk included significant amounts of magnesium, sodium, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, and zinc. The concentration of different vitamins and amino acids such as isoleucine and valine also contribute to the nutritional value of Halari donkey milk. MDPI 2023-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9957152/ /pubmed/36832927 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12040853 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Garhwal, Renu Bhardwaj, Anuradha Sangwan, Karnam Mehra, Rahul Pal, Yash Nayan, Varij Iquebal, Mir Asif Jaiswal, Sarika Kumar, Harish Milk from Halari Donkey Breed: Nutritional Analysis, Vitamins, Minerals, and Amino Acids Profiling |
title | Milk from Halari Donkey Breed: Nutritional Analysis, Vitamins, Minerals, and Amino Acids Profiling |
title_full | Milk from Halari Donkey Breed: Nutritional Analysis, Vitamins, Minerals, and Amino Acids Profiling |
title_fullStr | Milk from Halari Donkey Breed: Nutritional Analysis, Vitamins, Minerals, and Amino Acids Profiling |
title_full_unstemmed | Milk from Halari Donkey Breed: Nutritional Analysis, Vitamins, Minerals, and Amino Acids Profiling |
title_short | Milk from Halari Donkey Breed: Nutritional Analysis, Vitamins, Minerals, and Amino Acids Profiling |
title_sort | milk from halari donkey breed: nutritional analysis, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids profiling |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9957152/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36832927 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12040853 |
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