Do oil sanctions affect the interdependence and integration of financial markets?

In recent years, the United States has increasingly used sanctions to control countries and promote its foreign policy objectives. Iran is one of the countries that has been the target of US economic sanctions for the past five decades. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of the sanctions on the interdependence and integration of Iranian financial markets from July 2013–May 2021 using the wavelet approach. The results show that the highest degree of correlation is related to exchange rate and gold price. Moreover, the interdependence and integration of financial markets increases in the long run. The highest impact on interdependence of financial markets in the short run and medium run is related to exchange rate and gold price. Finally, the integration of financial markets have increased since 2016.