Diagnosing malignant distal bile duct obstruction using artificial intelligence based on clinical biomarkers

Diagnosing distal bile duct obstruction remains challenging. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic ability of artificial intelligence (AI) based on clinical biomarkers in diagnosing malignant distal bile duct obstruction. A total of 206 patients with distal bile duct obstruction were included in this study. Clinical laboratory parameters were collected from the patients and evaluated using AI. All clinical parameters were input into the AI algorithm, and the AI value for malignant distal bile duct obstruction was calculated. The benign and malignant diagnostic capabilities of AI and other factors (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], intrahepatic bile duct [IHBD] diameters, and total bile duct [CBD] diameters) were compared. Benign and malignant bile duct obstruction were diagnosed in 142 and 64 patients, respectively. The median AI value of malignant distal bile duct obstruction was significantly greater than that of benign distal bile duct obstruction (0.991 vs. 0.002, p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of AI, ALP, IHBD diameter, and CBD diameter were 0.908, 0.795, 0.794, and 0.775, respectively. AI showed a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 83.1%, 87.2%, and 85.9%. AI-based on clinical biomarkers could serve as an auxiliary for diagnosing malignant bile duct obstruction.