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Marburg and Ebola Virus Infections Elicit a Complex, Muted Inflammatory State in Bats
The Marburg and Ebola filoviruses cause a severe, often fatal, disease in humans and nonhuman primates but have only subclinical effects in bats, including Egyptian rousettes, which are a natural reservoir of Marburg virus. A fundamental question is why these viruses are highly pathogenic in humans...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958679/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851566 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020350 |
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author | Jayaprakash, Anitha D. Ronk, Adam J. Prasad, Abhishek N. Covington, Michael F. Stein, Kathryn R. Schwarz, Toni M. Hekmaty, Saboor Fenton, Karla A. Geisbert, Thomas W. Basler, Christopher F. Bukreyev, Alexander Sachidanandam, Ravi |
author_facet | Jayaprakash, Anitha D. Ronk, Adam J. Prasad, Abhishek N. Covington, Michael F. Stein, Kathryn R. Schwarz, Toni M. Hekmaty, Saboor Fenton, Karla A. Geisbert, Thomas W. Basler, Christopher F. Bukreyev, Alexander Sachidanandam, Ravi |
author_sort | Jayaprakash, Anitha D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Marburg and Ebola filoviruses cause a severe, often fatal, disease in humans and nonhuman primates but have only subclinical effects in bats, including Egyptian rousettes, which are a natural reservoir of Marburg virus. A fundamental question is why these viruses are highly pathogenic in humans but fail to cause disease in bats. To address this question, we infected one cohort of Egyptian rousette bats with Marburg virus and another cohort with Ebola virus and harvested multiple tissues for mRNA expression analysis. While virus transcripts were found primarily in the liver, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed coordinated changes across multiple tissues. Gene signatures in kidney and liver pointed at induction of vasodilation, reduction in coagulation, and changes in the regulation of iron metabolism. Signatures of immune response detected in spleen and liver indicated a robust anti-inflammatory state signified by macrophages in the M2 state and an active T cell response. The evolutionary divergence between bats and humans of many responsive genes might provide a framework for understanding the differing outcomes upon infection by filoviruses. In this study, we outline multiple interconnected pathways that respond to infection by MARV and EBOV, providing insights into the complexity of the mechanisms that enable bats to resist the disease caused by filoviral infections. The results have the potential to aid in the development of new strategies to effectively mitigate and treat the disease caused by these viruses in humans. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9958679 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99586792023-02-26 Marburg and Ebola Virus Infections Elicit a Complex, Muted Inflammatory State in Bats Jayaprakash, Anitha D. Ronk, Adam J. Prasad, Abhishek N. Covington, Michael F. Stein, Kathryn R. Schwarz, Toni M. Hekmaty, Saboor Fenton, Karla A. Geisbert, Thomas W. Basler, Christopher F. Bukreyev, Alexander Sachidanandam, Ravi Viruses Article The Marburg and Ebola filoviruses cause a severe, often fatal, disease in humans and nonhuman primates but have only subclinical effects in bats, including Egyptian rousettes, which are a natural reservoir of Marburg virus. A fundamental question is why these viruses are highly pathogenic in humans but fail to cause disease in bats. To address this question, we infected one cohort of Egyptian rousette bats with Marburg virus and another cohort with Ebola virus and harvested multiple tissues for mRNA expression analysis. While virus transcripts were found primarily in the liver, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed coordinated changes across multiple tissues. Gene signatures in kidney and liver pointed at induction of vasodilation, reduction in coagulation, and changes in the regulation of iron metabolism. Signatures of immune response detected in spleen and liver indicated a robust anti-inflammatory state signified by macrophages in the M2 state and an active T cell response. The evolutionary divergence between bats and humans of many responsive genes might provide a framework for understanding the differing outcomes upon infection by filoviruses. In this study, we outline multiple interconnected pathways that respond to infection by MARV and EBOV, providing insights into the complexity of the mechanisms that enable bats to resist the disease caused by filoviral infections. The results have the potential to aid in the development of new strategies to effectively mitigate and treat the disease caused by these viruses in humans. MDPI 2023-01-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9958679/ /pubmed/36851566 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020350 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Jayaprakash, Anitha D. Ronk, Adam J. Prasad, Abhishek N. Covington, Michael F. Stein, Kathryn R. Schwarz, Toni M. Hekmaty, Saboor Fenton, Karla A. Geisbert, Thomas W. Basler, Christopher F. Bukreyev, Alexander Sachidanandam, Ravi Marburg and Ebola Virus Infections Elicit a Complex, Muted Inflammatory State in Bats |
title | Marburg and Ebola Virus Infections Elicit a Complex, Muted Inflammatory State in Bats |
title_full | Marburg and Ebola Virus Infections Elicit a Complex, Muted Inflammatory State in Bats |
title_fullStr | Marburg and Ebola Virus Infections Elicit a Complex, Muted Inflammatory State in Bats |
title_full_unstemmed | Marburg and Ebola Virus Infections Elicit a Complex, Muted Inflammatory State in Bats |
title_short | Marburg and Ebola Virus Infections Elicit a Complex, Muted Inflammatory State in Bats |
title_sort | marburg and ebola virus infections elicit a complex, muted inflammatory state in bats |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958679/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851566 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020350 |
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