Cargando…
Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements
Emerging and low-carbon technologies and innovations are driving a need for domestic sources, sustainable use, and availability of critical minerals (CMs)—those vital to the national and economic security of the United States. Understanding the known and potential health effects of exposures to such...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958731/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020188 |
_version_ | 1784895097407537152 |
---|---|
author | Jenkins, Jill A. Musgrove, MaryLynn White, Sarah Jane O. |
author_facet | Jenkins, Jill A. Musgrove, MaryLynn White, Sarah Jane O. |
author_sort | Jenkins, Jill A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Emerging and low-carbon technologies and innovations are driving a need for domestic sources, sustainable use, and availability of critical minerals (CMs)—those vital to the national and economic security of the United States. Understanding the known and potential health effects of exposures to such mineral commodities can inform prudent and environmentally responsible handling and harvesting. We review the occurrence, use, predominant exposure pathways, and adverse outcome pathways (AOP) for human and fish receptors of those CMs that are nutritionally essential trace metals (specifically, cobalt, chromium, manganese, nickel, and zinc), as well as the rare earth elements. Biological responses to some elements having comparable biogeochemistry can sometimes be similar. Candidate quantifiable biomarkers for assessing potential AOP are conveyed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9958731 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99587312023-02-26 Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements Jenkins, Jill A. Musgrove, MaryLynn White, Sarah Jane O. Toxics Review Emerging and low-carbon technologies and innovations are driving a need for domestic sources, sustainable use, and availability of critical minerals (CMs)—those vital to the national and economic security of the United States. Understanding the known and potential health effects of exposures to such mineral commodities can inform prudent and environmentally responsible handling and harvesting. We review the occurrence, use, predominant exposure pathways, and adverse outcome pathways (AOP) for human and fish receptors of those CMs that are nutritionally essential trace metals (specifically, cobalt, chromium, manganese, nickel, and zinc), as well as the rare earth elements. Biological responses to some elements having comparable biogeochemistry can sometimes be similar. Candidate quantifiable biomarkers for assessing potential AOP are conveyed. MDPI 2023-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9958731/ /pubmed/36851062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020188 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Jenkins, Jill A. Musgrove, MaryLynn White, Sarah Jane O. Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements |
title | Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements |
title_full | Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements |
title_fullStr | Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements |
title_full_unstemmed | Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements |
title_short | Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements |
title_sort | outlining potential biomarkers of exposure and effect to critical minerals: nutritionally essential trace elements and the rare earth elements |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958731/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851062 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020188 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT jenkinsjilla outliningpotentialbiomarkersofexposureandeffecttocriticalmineralsnutritionallyessentialtraceelementsandtherareearthelements AT musgrovemarylynn outliningpotentialbiomarkersofexposureandeffecttocriticalmineralsnutritionallyessentialtraceelementsandtherareearthelements AT whitesarahjaneo outliningpotentialbiomarkersofexposureandeffecttocriticalmineralsnutritionallyessentialtraceelementsandtherareearthelements |