A Retrospective Single-Arm Cohort Study in a Single Center of Radiofrequency Ablation in Treatment of Chronic Radiation Proctitis

Background: Chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) may develop in patients within months to years after undergoing pelvic radiotherapy. Numerous treatment modalities are available to achieve hemostasis in CRP, but the optimal treatment remains controversial. We report our clinical experience and long-term outcomes using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with CRP. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent RFA for CRP at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between October 2015 and March 2021. The patient characteristics, endoscopic findings, and clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: 35 total patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 70.5 ± 12.4 years. All patients sustained repeated rectal bleeding before RFA, and 15 of 35 patients needed blood transfusion. Bleeding cessation was achieved in all patients. Mean follow-up time was 18.6 months (ranging from 2 to 52 months). The hemoglobin (Hb) levels at 6 months after RFA revealed significant improvement from 11.0 ± 2.3 to 11.8 ± 1.9 g/dL (p = 0.048). The rectal telangiectasia density (RTD) scores also showed significant improvement from 2.96 ± 0.2 to 0.85 ± 0.7 (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, RFA treatment is safe and effective in controlling rectal bleeding in CRP without serious complications and can be considered as a first-line or alternative endoscopic treatment for patients with CRP.