Cargando…
CMOS Radio Frequency Energy Harvester (RFEH) with Fully On-Chip Tunable Voltage-Booster for Wideband Sensitivity Enhancement
Radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) is one form of renewable energy harvesting currently seeing widespread popularity because many wireless electronic devices can coordinate their communications via RFEH, especially in CMOS technology. For RFEH, the sensitivity of detecting low-power ambient RF...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958904/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36838092 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020392 |
_version_ | 1784895140612014080 |
---|---|
author | Li, Yizhi Rajendran, Jagadheswaran Mariappan, Selvakumar Rawat, Arvind Singh Sal Hamid, Sofiyah Kumar, Narendra Othman, Masuri Nathan, Arokia |
author_facet | Li, Yizhi Rajendran, Jagadheswaran Mariappan, Selvakumar Rawat, Arvind Singh Sal Hamid, Sofiyah Kumar, Narendra Othman, Masuri Nathan, Arokia |
author_sort | Li, Yizhi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) is one form of renewable energy harvesting currently seeing widespread popularity because many wireless electronic devices can coordinate their communications via RFEH, especially in CMOS technology. For RFEH, the sensitivity of detecting low-power ambient RF signals is the utmost priority. The voltage boosting mechanisms at the input of the RFEH are typically applied to enhance its sensitivity. However, the bandwidth in which its sensitivity is maintained is very poor. This work implements a tunable voltage boosting (TVB) mechanism fully on-chip in a 3-stage cross-coupled differential drive rectifier (CCDD). The TVB is designed with an interleaved transformer architecture where the primary winding is implemented to the rectifier, while the secondary winding is connected to a MOSFET switch that tunes the inductance of the network. The TVB enables the sensitivity of the rectifier to be maintained at 1V DC output voltage with a minimum deviation of −2 dBm across a wide bandwidth of 3 to 6 GHz of 5G New Radio frequency (5GNR) bands. A DC output voltage of 1 V and a peak PCE of 83% at 3 GHz for −23 dBm input power are achieved. A PCE of more than 50% can be maintained at the sensitivity point of 1 V with the aid of TVB. The proposed CCDD-TVB mechanism enables the CMOS RFEH to be operated for wideband applications with optimum sensitivity, DC output voltage, and efficiency. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9958904 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99589042023-02-26 CMOS Radio Frequency Energy Harvester (RFEH) with Fully On-Chip Tunable Voltage-Booster for Wideband Sensitivity Enhancement Li, Yizhi Rajendran, Jagadheswaran Mariappan, Selvakumar Rawat, Arvind Singh Sal Hamid, Sofiyah Kumar, Narendra Othman, Masuri Nathan, Arokia Micromachines (Basel) Article Radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) is one form of renewable energy harvesting currently seeing widespread popularity because many wireless electronic devices can coordinate their communications via RFEH, especially in CMOS technology. For RFEH, the sensitivity of detecting low-power ambient RF signals is the utmost priority. The voltage boosting mechanisms at the input of the RFEH are typically applied to enhance its sensitivity. However, the bandwidth in which its sensitivity is maintained is very poor. This work implements a tunable voltage boosting (TVB) mechanism fully on-chip in a 3-stage cross-coupled differential drive rectifier (CCDD). The TVB is designed with an interleaved transformer architecture where the primary winding is implemented to the rectifier, while the secondary winding is connected to a MOSFET switch that tunes the inductance of the network. The TVB enables the sensitivity of the rectifier to be maintained at 1V DC output voltage with a minimum deviation of −2 dBm across a wide bandwidth of 3 to 6 GHz of 5G New Radio frequency (5GNR) bands. A DC output voltage of 1 V and a peak PCE of 83% at 3 GHz for −23 dBm input power are achieved. A PCE of more than 50% can be maintained at the sensitivity point of 1 V with the aid of TVB. The proposed CCDD-TVB mechanism enables the CMOS RFEH to be operated for wideband applications with optimum sensitivity, DC output voltage, and efficiency. MDPI 2023-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9958904/ /pubmed/36838092 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020392 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Li, Yizhi Rajendran, Jagadheswaran Mariappan, Selvakumar Rawat, Arvind Singh Sal Hamid, Sofiyah Kumar, Narendra Othman, Masuri Nathan, Arokia CMOS Radio Frequency Energy Harvester (RFEH) with Fully On-Chip Tunable Voltage-Booster for Wideband Sensitivity Enhancement |
title | CMOS Radio Frequency Energy Harvester (RFEH) with Fully On-Chip Tunable Voltage-Booster for Wideband Sensitivity Enhancement |
title_full | CMOS Radio Frequency Energy Harvester (RFEH) with Fully On-Chip Tunable Voltage-Booster for Wideband Sensitivity Enhancement |
title_fullStr | CMOS Radio Frequency Energy Harvester (RFEH) with Fully On-Chip Tunable Voltage-Booster for Wideband Sensitivity Enhancement |
title_full_unstemmed | CMOS Radio Frequency Energy Harvester (RFEH) with Fully On-Chip Tunable Voltage-Booster for Wideband Sensitivity Enhancement |
title_short | CMOS Radio Frequency Energy Harvester (RFEH) with Fully On-Chip Tunable Voltage-Booster for Wideband Sensitivity Enhancement |
title_sort | cmos radio frequency energy harvester (rfeh) with fully on-chip tunable voltage-booster for wideband sensitivity enhancement |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958904/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36838092 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020392 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT liyizhi cmosradiofrequencyenergyharvesterrfehwithfullyonchiptunablevoltageboosterforwidebandsensitivityenhancement AT rajendranjagadheswaran cmosradiofrequencyenergyharvesterrfehwithfullyonchiptunablevoltageboosterforwidebandsensitivityenhancement AT mariappanselvakumar cmosradiofrequencyenergyharvesterrfehwithfullyonchiptunablevoltageboosterforwidebandsensitivityenhancement AT rawatarvindsingh cmosradiofrequencyenergyharvesterrfehwithfullyonchiptunablevoltageboosterforwidebandsensitivityenhancement AT salhamidsofiyah cmosradiofrequencyenergyharvesterrfehwithfullyonchiptunablevoltageboosterforwidebandsensitivityenhancement AT kumarnarendra cmosradiofrequencyenergyharvesterrfehwithfullyonchiptunablevoltageboosterforwidebandsensitivityenhancement AT othmanmasuri cmosradiofrequencyenergyharvesterrfehwithfullyonchiptunablevoltageboosterforwidebandsensitivityenhancement AT nathanarokia cmosradiofrequencyenergyharvesterrfehwithfullyonchiptunablevoltageboosterforwidebandsensitivityenhancement |