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A First Report on Side-Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines among General Population in Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Background: The process of mass immunization against COVID-19 may be impacted by vaccine reluctance despite intense and ongoing efforts to boost vaccine coverage. The COVID-19 vaccine is a crucial component for controlling the pandemic. To the best of our knowledge, we did not come across any study...

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Autores principales: Mohamed, Malik Suliman, Mohamed, Ahmed Osman, Alenazy, Rawaf, Khan, Yusra Habib, Idriss, Mona Timan, Alhudaib, Noura A. A., Elsaman, Tilal, Mohamed, Magdi Awadalla, Eltayib, Eyman M., Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9959007/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851192
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020315
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author Mohamed, Malik Suliman
Mohamed, Ahmed Osman
Alenazy, Rawaf
Khan, Yusra Habib
Idriss, Mona Timan
Alhudaib, Noura A. A.
Elsaman, Tilal
Mohamed, Magdi Awadalla
Eltayib, Eyman M.
Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain
author_facet Mohamed, Malik Suliman
Mohamed, Ahmed Osman
Alenazy, Rawaf
Khan, Yusra Habib
Idriss, Mona Timan
Alhudaib, Noura A. A.
Elsaman, Tilal
Mohamed, Magdi Awadalla
Eltayib, Eyman M.
Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain
author_sort Mohamed, Malik Suliman
collection PubMed
description Background: The process of mass immunization against COVID-19 may be impacted by vaccine reluctance despite intense and ongoing efforts to boost vaccine coverage. The COVID-19 vaccine is a crucial component for controlling the pandemic. To the best of our knowledge, we did not come across any study presenting the post-vaccination side-effect profile among the Sudanese population. Developing strategies to improve the vaccine acceptability and uptake necessitate evidence-based reports about vaccine’s side effects and acceptance. In this regard, this study aimed at estimating the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine side-effects among the general population in Sudan. Methodology: A cross-sectional web-based quantitative study was conducted among the general population aged ≥18 years and residing in the Khartoum state of Sudan. A 30-item survey tool recorded the demographics, chronic diseases, allergy to other vaccines and COVID-19 vaccine side-effects after the first, second and booster doses. The data on the onset and duration of side-effects after each dose were also recorded. The distribution of side-effect scores after each dose of COVID-19 vaccine was compared using appropriate statistical methods. Results: A total of 626 participants were approached for this study. There was a preponderance of females (57.7%), and 19% of respondents had chronic diseases. The vaccination rate against COVID-19 was 55.8% (n = 349/626). The prevalence of side-effects after the first, second and booster doses were 79.7, 48 and 69.4%, respectively. Pain at the injection site, headache, fatigue, exhaustion and fever were the common side-effects after the first and second doses, while pain at the injection site, fatigue, headache and muscle pain were frequently reported after the booster dose. Most of these side-effects appeared within 6 h and resolved within one or two days following the administration of the vaccine dose. The average side-effects scores were 4.1 ± 4.4 (n = 349), 2.2 ± 3.6 (n = 202) and 3.5 ± 4.1 (n = 36) after the first, second and booster doses, respectively. The female gender had significantly higher side-effects after primary and booster doses. The age group 18-24 years indicated higher side-effects after the first dose compared to participants with ages ranging from 31 to 40 years (p = 0.014). Patients with chronic disease indicated significantly higher (p = 0.043) side-effects compared to those without any comorbid illness. Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of transient COVID-19 vaccine-related side-effects after primary and booster doses. However, these side-effects waned within 48 h. Pain at the injection site was the most common local side-effect, while fatigue, fever, headache and muscle pain were frequently reported systemic side-effects. The frequency of side-effects was more profound among females, young adults and those with comorbid conditions. These findings indicate that COVID-19 vaccines are safe and have side-effects as reported in the clinical trials of the vaccines. These results aid in addressing the ongoing challenges of vaccine hesitancy in the Sudanese population that is nurtured by widespread concerns over the safety profile.
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spelling pubmed-99590072023-02-26 A First Report on Side-Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines among General Population in Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Mohamed, Malik Suliman Mohamed, Ahmed Osman Alenazy, Rawaf Khan, Yusra Habib Idriss, Mona Timan Alhudaib, Noura A. A. Elsaman, Tilal Mohamed, Magdi Awadalla Eltayib, Eyman M. Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain Vaccines (Basel) Article Background: The process of mass immunization against COVID-19 may be impacted by vaccine reluctance despite intense and ongoing efforts to boost vaccine coverage. The COVID-19 vaccine is a crucial component for controlling the pandemic. To the best of our knowledge, we did not come across any study presenting the post-vaccination side-effect profile among the Sudanese population. Developing strategies to improve the vaccine acceptability and uptake necessitate evidence-based reports about vaccine’s side effects and acceptance. In this regard, this study aimed at estimating the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine side-effects among the general population in Sudan. Methodology: A cross-sectional web-based quantitative study was conducted among the general population aged ≥18 years and residing in the Khartoum state of Sudan. A 30-item survey tool recorded the demographics, chronic diseases, allergy to other vaccines and COVID-19 vaccine side-effects after the first, second and booster doses. The data on the onset and duration of side-effects after each dose were also recorded. The distribution of side-effect scores after each dose of COVID-19 vaccine was compared using appropriate statistical methods. Results: A total of 626 participants were approached for this study. There was a preponderance of females (57.7%), and 19% of respondents had chronic diseases. The vaccination rate against COVID-19 was 55.8% (n = 349/626). The prevalence of side-effects after the first, second and booster doses were 79.7, 48 and 69.4%, respectively. Pain at the injection site, headache, fatigue, exhaustion and fever were the common side-effects after the first and second doses, while pain at the injection site, fatigue, headache and muscle pain were frequently reported after the booster dose. Most of these side-effects appeared within 6 h and resolved within one or two days following the administration of the vaccine dose. The average side-effects scores were 4.1 ± 4.4 (n = 349), 2.2 ± 3.6 (n = 202) and 3.5 ± 4.1 (n = 36) after the first, second and booster doses, respectively. The female gender had significantly higher side-effects after primary and booster doses. The age group 18-24 years indicated higher side-effects after the first dose compared to participants with ages ranging from 31 to 40 years (p = 0.014). Patients with chronic disease indicated significantly higher (p = 0.043) side-effects compared to those without any comorbid illness. Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of transient COVID-19 vaccine-related side-effects after primary and booster doses. However, these side-effects waned within 48 h. Pain at the injection site was the most common local side-effect, while fatigue, fever, headache and muscle pain were frequently reported systemic side-effects. The frequency of side-effects was more profound among females, young adults and those with comorbid conditions. These findings indicate that COVID-19 vaccines are safe and have side-effects as reported in the clinical trials of the vaccines. These results aid in addressing the ongoing challenges of vaccine hesitancy in the Sudanese population that is nurtured by widespread concerns over the safety profile. MDPI 2023-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9959007/ /pubmed/36851192 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020315 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Mohamed, Malik Suliman
Mohamed, Ahmed Osman
Alenazy, Rawaf
Khan, Yusra Habib
Idriss, Mona Timan
Alhudaib, Noura A. A.
Elsaman, Tilal
Mohamed, Magdi Awadalla
Eltayib, Eyman M.
Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain
A First Report on Side-Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines among General Population in Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
title A First Report on Side-Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines among General Population in Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_full A First Report on Side-Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines among General Population in Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_fullStr A First Report on Side-Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines among General Population in Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_full_unstemmed A First Report on Side-Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines among General Population in Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_short A First Report on Side-Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines among General Population in Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_sort first report on side-effects of covid-19 vaccines among general population in sudan: a cross-sectional analysis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9959007/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851192
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020315
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