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Diabetes Mellitus and Hearing Loss: A Complex Relationship

Background and Objectives: Discussion is open about the relationship between diabetes (DM) and hearing loss (HL). There is a lot of evidence in the literature suggesting a causal link between these conditions, beyond being considered simple comorbidities. The difficulty in identifying populations fr...

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Autores principales: Gioacchini, Federico Maria, Pisani, Davide, Viola, Pasquale, Astorina, Alessia, Scarpa, Alfonso, Libonati, Fernanda Asprella, Tulli, Michele, Re, Massimo, Chiarella, Giuseppe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9959034/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837470
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020269
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author Gioacchini, Federico Maria
Pisani, Davide
Viola, Pasquale
Astorina, Alessia
Scarpa, Alfonso
Libonati, Fernanda Asprella
Tulli, Michele
Re, Massimo
Chiarella, Giuseppe
author_facet Gioacchini, Federico Maria
Pisani, Davide
Viola, Pasquale
Astorina, Alessia
Scarpa, Alfonso
Libonati, Fernanda Asprella
Tulli, Michele
Re, Massimo
Chiarella, Giuseppe
author_sort Gioacchini, Federico Maria
collection PubMed
description Background and Objectives: Discussion is open about the relationship between diabetes (DM) and hearing loss (HL). There is a lot of evidence in the literature suggesting a causal link between these conditions, beyond being considered simple comorbidities. The difficulty in identifying populations free from confounding factors makes it difficult to reach definitive conclusions on the pathophysiological mechanisms at play. Nonetheless, there is numerous evidence that demonstrates how the population affected by DM is more affected by sensorineural HL (SNHL) and exhibit a higher prevalence of idiopathic sudden sensorineural HL (ISSNHL). Materials and Methods: Articles reporting potentially relevant information were reviewed, and the most significant results are discussed in this article. Starting from the possible mechanisms relating to auditory impairment in the diabetic condition, this article summarizes the studies on auditory evaluation in subjects with DM1 and DM2 and addresses the relationship between DM and ISSNHL. Results: DM is considered a risk factor for SNHL, although some studies have reported no relationship when the associations were adjusted for age, gender, and hypertension. Macro and microvascular insults that cause decreased blood flow, oxygen exchange, and ion transport are major complications of hypertension and DM and can have a direct effect on the sensory and support cells of the cochlea. Conclusions: Given the difficulty of carrying out studies on populations without confounding factors, new laboratory studies are strongly required to clarify which specific physiopathological mechanisms underlie the diabetic damage caused to the hearing organs and how pharmacological management may contribute to counteracting the pathophysiological effects of the diabetic condition on the auditory system.
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spelling pubmed-99590342023-02-26 Diabetes Mellitus and Hearing Loss: A Complex Relationship Gioacchini, Federico Maria Pisani, Davide Viola, Pasquale Astorina, Alessia Scarpa, Alfonso Libonati, Fernanda Asprella Tulli, Michele Re, Massimo Chiarella, Giuseppe Medicina (Kaunas) Review Background and Objectives: Discussion is open about the relationship between diabetes (DM) and hearing loss (HL). There is a lot of evidence in the literature suggesting a causal link between these conditions, beyond being considered simple comorbidities. The difficulty in identifying populations free from confounding factors makes it difficult to reach definitive conclusions on the pathophysiological mechanisms at play. Nonetheless, there is numerous evidence that demonstrates how the population affected by DM is more affected by sensorineural HL (SNHL) and exhibit a higher prevalence of idiopathic sudden sensorineural HL (ISSNHL). Materials and Methods: Articles reporting potentially relevant information were reviewed, and the most significant results are discussed in this article. Starting from the possible mechanisms relating to auditory impairment in the diabetic condition, this article summarizes the studies on auditory evaluation in subjects with DM1 and DM2 and addresses the relationship between DM and ISSNHL. Results: DM is considered a risk factor for SNHL, although some studies have reported no relationship when the associations were adjusted for age, gender, and hypertension. Macro and microvascular insults that cause decreased blood flow, oxygen exchange, and ion transport are major complications of hypertension and DM and can have a direct effect on the sensory and support cells of the cochlea. Conclusions: Given the difficulty of carrying out studies on populations without confounding factors, new laboratory studies are strongly required to clarify which specific physiopathological mechanisms underlie the diabetic damage caused to the hearing organs and how pharmacological management may contribute to counteracting the pathophysiological effects of the diabetic condition on the auditory system. MDPI 2023-01-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9959034/ /pubmed/36837470 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020269 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Gioacchini, Federico Maria
Pisani, Davide
Viola, Pasquale
Astorina, Alessia
Scarpa, Alfonso
Libonati, Fernanda Asprella
Tulli, Michele
Re, Massimo
Chiarella, Giuseppe
Diabetes Mellitus and Hearing Loss: A Complex Relationship
title Diabetes Mellitus and Hearing Loss: A Complex Relationship
title_full Diabetes Mellitus and Hearing Loss: A Complex Relationship
title_fullStr Diabetes Mellitus and Hearing Loss: A Complex Relationship
title_full_unstemmed Diabetes Mellitus and Hearing Loss: A Complex Relationship
title_short Diabetes Mellitus and Hearing Loss: A Complex Relationship
title_sort diabetes mellitus and hearing loss: a complex relationship
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9959034/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837470
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020269
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