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Relationship of Depression, Anxiety, and Bipolar Disease with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic, painful condition of the oral mucosa. Although the pathogenesis remains unclear, psychological and neuroendocrine factors are considered the major contributors. Few longitudinal studies have investigated the effects of psychological factors on the occurrenc...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9959042/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36834086 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043391 |
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author | Lee, Su Jung Kim, Chulho Yu, Hyunjae Kim, Dong-Kyu |
author_facet | Lee, Su Jung Kim, Chulho Yu, Hyunjae Kim, Dong-Kyu |
author_sort | Lee, Su Jung |
collection | PubMed |
description | Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic, painful condition of the oral mucosa. Although the pathogenesis remains unclear, psychological and neuroendocrine factors are considered the major contributors. Few longitudinal studies have investigated the effects of psychological factors on the occurrence of BMS. Therefore, we evaluated the risk of BMS in patients with affective disorders using a nationwide population-based cohort dataset. We identified patients with depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder and then selected comparison participants using the 1:4 propensity score-matching method. We investigated the incidence of BMS events during the follow-up period using survival analysis, the log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression models. After adjusting for other contributing conditions, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for developing BMS was 3.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67–6.80) for depression and 5.09 (95% CI: 2.19–11.80) for anxiety; however, bipolar disorder showed no significant risk. Specifically, female patients with depression and anxiety had an increased risk of BMS. Moreover, patients with anxiety showed an increased adjusted HR of BMS events during the first 4 years after diagnosis, whereas patients with depression did not. In conclusion, depression and anxiety disorders are significantly associated with the risk of BMS. Additionally, female patients showed a significantly higher risk of BMS than male patients, and anxiety showed increased BMS events earlier than depression. Therefore, clinicians should consider the risk of BMS when treating patients with depression or anxiety. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9959042 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99590422023-02-26 Relationship of Depression, Anxiety, and Bipolar Disease with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Nationwide Cohort Study Lee, Su Jung Kim, Chulho Yu, Hyunjae Kim, Dong-Kyu Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic, painful condition of the oral mucosa. Although the pathogenesis remains unclear, psychological and neuroendocrine factors are considered the major contributors. Few longitudinal studies have investigated the effects of psychological factors on the occurrence of BMS. Therefore, we evaluated the risk of BMS in patients with affective disorders using a nationwide population-based cohort dataset. We identified patients with depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder and then selected comparison participants using the 1:4 propensity score-matching method. We investigated the incidence of BMS events during the follow-up period using survival analysis, the log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression models. After adjusting for other contributing conditions, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for developing BMS was 3.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67–6.80) for depression and 5.09 (95% CI: 2.19–11.80) for anxiety; however, bipolar disorder showed no significant risk. Specifically, female patients with depression and anxiety had an increased risk of BMS. Moreover, patients with anxiety showed an increased adjusted HR of BMS events during the first 4 years after diagnosis, whereas patients with depression did not. In conclusion, depression and anxiety disorders are significantly associated with the risk of BMS. Additionally, female patients showed a significantly higher risk of BMS than male patients, and anxiety showed increased BMS events earlier than depression. Therefore, clinicians should consider the risk of BMS when treating patients with depression or anxiety. MDPI 2023-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9959042/ /pubmed/36834086 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043391 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lee, Su Jung Kim, Chulho Yu, Hyunjae Kim, Dong-Kyu Relationship of Depression, Anxiety, and Bipolar Disease with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Nationwide Cohort Study |
title | Relationship of Depression, Anxiety, and Bipolar Disease with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Nationwide Cohort Study |
title_full | Relationship of Depression, Anxiety, and Bipolar Disease with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Nationwide Cohort Study |
title_fullStr | Relationship of Depression, Anxiety, and Bipolar Disease with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Nationwide Cohort Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Relationship of Depression, Anxiety, and Bipolar Disease with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Nationwide Cohort Study |
title_short | Relationship of Depression, Anxiety, and Bipolar Disease with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Nationwide Cohort Study |
title_sort | relationship of depression, anxiety, and bipolar disease with burning mouth syndrome: a nationwide cohort study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9959042/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36834086 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043391 |
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