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Efficiency of Diclofenac Removal Using Activated Sludge in a Dynamic System (SBR Reactor) with Variable Parameters of pH, Concentration, and Sludge Oxygenation

Recently, traditional wastewater treatment systems have not been adapted to remove micropollutants, including pharmaceutical substances, which, even at low concentrations, cause adverse changes in aquatic and terrestrial living organisms. The problem of drug residues in the environment has been noti...

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Autores principales: Zając-Woźnialis, Anna, Kruszelnicka, Izabela, Zembrzuska, Joanna, Ginter-Kramarczyk, Dobrochna, Ochowiak, Marek, Krupińska, Andżelika
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9959338/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837051
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041422
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author Zając-Woźnialis, Anna
Kruszelnicka, Izabela
Zembrzuska, Joanna
Ginter-Kramarczyk, Dobrochna
Ochowiak, Marek
Krupińska, Andżelika
author_facet Zając-Woźnialis, Anna
Kruszelnicka, Izabela
Zembrzuska, Joanna
Ginter-Kramarczyk, Dobrochna
Ochowiak, Marek
Krupińska, Andżelika
author_sort Zając-Woźnialis, Anna
collection PubMed
description Recently, traditional wastewater treatment systems have not been adapted to remove micropollutants, including pharmaceutical substances, which, even at low concentrations, cause adverse changes in aquatic and terrestrial living organisms. The problem of drug residues in the environment has been noticed; however, no universal legal regulations have been established for concentrations of these compounds in treated wastewater. Hence, the aim of the article was to determine the possibility of increasing the efficiency of diclofenac removal from activated sludge using the designed SBR reactor. This study included six cycles, working continuously, where each of them was characterized by changing conditions of pH, oxygenation, and composition of the synthetic medium. In each cycle, three concentrations of diclofenac were analyzed: 1 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L for the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 d and the sludge retention time (SRT) of 12 d. The highest removal efficiency was achieved in the first test cycle for pH of natural sediment at the level of 6.7–7.0 (>97%), and in the third test cycle at pH stabilized at 6.5 (>87%). The reduced content of easily assimilable carbon from synthetic medium indicated a removal of >50%, which suggests that carbon in the structure of diclofenac restrained microorganisms to the rapid assimilation of this element. Under half-aerobic conditions, the drug removal effect for a concentration of 10 mg/L was slightly above 60%.
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spelling pubmed-99593382023-02-26 Efficiency of Diclofenac Removal Using Activated Sludge in a Dynamic System (SBR Reactor) with Variable Parameters of pH, Concentration, and Sludge Oxygenation Zając-Woźnialis, Anna Kruszelnicka, Izabela Zembrzuska, Joanna Ginter-Kramarczyk, Dobrochna Ochowiak, Marek Krupińska, Andżelika Materials (Basel) Article Recently, traditional wastewater treatment systems have not been adapted to remove micropollutants, including pharmaceutical substances, which, even at low concentrations, cause adverse changes in aquatic and terrestrial living organisms. The problem of drug residues in the environment has been noticed; however, no universal legal regulations have been established for concentrations of these compounds in treated wastewater. Hence, the aim of the article was to determine the possibility of increasing the efficiency of diclofenac removal from activated sludge using the designed SBR reactor. This study included six cycles, working continuously, where each of them was characterized by changing conditions of pH, oxygenation, and composition of the synthetic medium. In each cycle, three concentrations of diclofenac were analyzed: 1 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L for the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 d and the sludge retention time (SRT) of 12 d. The highest removal efficiency was achieved in the first test cycle for pH of natural sediment at the level of 6.7–7.0 (>97%), and in the third test cycle at pH stabilized at 6.5 (>87%). The reduced content of easily assimilable carbon from synthetic medium indicated a removal of >50%, which suggests that carbon in the structure of diclofenac restrained microorganisms to the rapid assimilation of this element. Under half-aerobic conditions, the drug removal effect for a concentration of 10 mg/L was slightly above 60%. MDPI 2023-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9959338/ /pubmed/36837051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041422 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zając-Woźnialis, Anna
Kruszelnicka, Izabela
Zembrzuska, Joanna
Ginter-Kramarczyk, Dobrochna
Ochowiak, Marek
Krupińska, Andżelika
Efficiency of Diclofenac Removal Using Activated Sludge in a Dynamic System (SBR Reactor) with Variable Parameters of pH, Concentration, and Sludge Oxygenation
title Efficiency of Diclofenac Removal Using Activated Sludge in a Dynamic System (SBR Reactor) with Variable Parameters of pH, Concentration, and Sludge Oxygenation
title_full Efficiency of Diclofenac Removal Using Activated Sludge in a Dynamic System (SBR Reactor) with Variable Parameters of pH, Concentration, and Sludge Oxygenation
title_fullStr Efficiency of Diclofenac Removal Using Activated Sludge in a Dynamic System (SBR Reactor) with Variable Parameters of pH, Concentration, and Sludge Oxygenation
title_full_unstemmed Efficiency of Diclofenac Removal Using Activated Sludge in a Dynamic System (SBR Reactor) with Variable Parameters of pH, Concentration, and Sludge Oxygenation
title_short Efficiency of Diclofenac Removal Using Activated Sludge in a Dynamic System (SBR Reactor) with Variable Parameters of pH, Concentration, and Sludge Oxygenation
title_sort efficiency of diclofenac removal using activated sludge in a dynamic system (sbr reactor) with variable parameters of ph, concentration, and sludge oxygenation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9959338/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36837051
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041422
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