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Functional Movement Disorders during COVID-19: Psychological Distress, Affective Temperament and Emotional Dysregulation

Background and objective: Functional movement disorders (FMD) represent a spectrum of psychosomatic symptoms particularly sensitive to stress. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased psychological distress worldwide and may have worsened FMD. The study aimed to confirm this hypothesis and to test whethe...

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Autores principales: Janiri, Delfina, Petracca, Martina, Moccia, Lorenzo, Solito, Marcella, Lo Monaco, Maria Rita, Cerbarano, Maria Luana, Piano, Carla, Imbimbo, Isabella, Di Nicola, Marco, Simonetti, Alessio, Sani, Gabriele, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9960146/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36836408
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020175
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author Janiri, Delfina
Petracca, Martina
Moccia, Lorenzo
Solito, Marcella
Lo Monaco, Maria Rita
Cerbarano, Maria Luana
Piano, Carla
Imbimbo, Isabella
Di Nicola, Marco
Simonetti, Alessio
Sani, Gabriele
Bentivoglio, Anna Rita
author_facet Janiri, Delfina
Petracca, Martina
Moccia, Lorenzo
Solito, Marcella
Lo Monaco, Maria Rita
Cerbarano, Maria Luana
Piano, Carla
Imbimbo, Isabella
Di Nicola, Marco
Simonetti, Alessio
Sani, Gabriele
Bentivoglio, Anna Rita
author_sort Janiri, Delfina
collection PubMed
description Background and objective: Functional movement disorders (FMD) represent a spectrum of psychosomatic symptoms particularly sensitive to stress. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased psychological distress worldwide and may have worsened FMD. The study aimed to confirm this hypothesis and to test whether in FMD there is a relationship between affective temperament, emotional dysregulation and psychological distress due to the pandemic. Methods: We recruited individuals with FMD, diagnosed them according to validated criteria and matched them with healthy controls (HC). Psychological distress and temperament were obtained using the Kessler-10 and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego Autoquestionnaire, respectively. We used bootstrapped mediation analysis to test the mediator role of emotional dysregulation on the effect of temperament on psychological distress. Results: The sample consisted of 96 individuals. During the pandemic, 31.3% of the patients reported the need for urgent neurological care, and 40.6% reported a subjective worsening neurological condition. Patients with FMD presented with more psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic (F = 30.15, df = 1, p ≤ 0.001) than HC. They also reported more emotional dysregulation (F = 15.80, df = 1, p ≤ 0.001) and more cyclothymic traits (F = 14.84, df = 1, p ≤ 0.001). Cyclothymic temperament showed an indirect effect on COVID-19-related psychological distress, mediated by deficits in emotion regulation mechanisms (Bootstrapped LLCI = 0.41, ULCI = 2.41). Conclusion: Our results suggest that emotional dysregulation may represent a dimension mediating cyclotimic temperament response to the stressful effect of the pandemic and provide insight for developing intervention policies.
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spelling pubmed-99601462023-02-26 Functional Movement Disorders during COVID-19: Psychological Distress, Affective Temperament and Emotional Dysregulation Janiri, Delfina Petracca, Martina Moccia, Lorenzo Solito, Marcella Lo Monaco, Maria Rita Cerbarano, Maria Luana Piano, Carla Imbimbo, Isabella Di Nicola, Marco Simonetti, Alessio Sani, Gabriele Bentivoglio, Anna Rita J Pers Med Communication Background and objective: Functional movement disorders (FMD) represent a spectrum of psychosomatic symptoms particularly sensitive to stress. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased psychological distress worldwide and may have worsened FMD. The study aimed to confirm this hypothesis and to test whether in FMD there is a relationship between affective temperament, emotional dysregulation and psychological distress due to the pandemic. Methods: We recruited individuals with FMD, diagnosed them according to validated criteria and matched them with healthy controls (HC). Psychological distress and temperament were obtained using the Kessler-10 and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego Autoquestionnaire, respectively. We used bootstrapped mediation analysis to test the mediator role of emotional dysregulation on the effect of temperament on psychological distress. Results: The sample consisted of 96 individuals. During the pandemic, 31.3% of the patients reported the need for urgent neurological care, and 40.6% reported a subjective worsening neurological condition. Patients with FMD presented with more psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic (F = 30.15, df = 1, p ≤ 0.001) than HC. They also reported more emotional dysregulation (F = 15.80, df = 1, p ≤ 0.001) and more cyclothymic traits (F = 14.84, df = 1, p ≤ 0.001). Cyclothymic temperament showed an indirect effect on COVID-19-related psychological distress, mediated by deficits in emotion regulation mechanisms (Bootstrapped LLCI = 0.41, ULCI = 2.41). Conclusion: Our results suggest that emotional dysregulation may represent a dimension mediating cyclotimic temperament response to the stressful effect of the pandemic and provide insight for developing intervention policies. MDPI 2023-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9960146/ /pubmed/36836408 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020175 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Communication
Janiri, Delfina
Petracca, Martina
Moccia, Lorenzo
Solito, Marcella
Lo Monaco, Maria Rita
Cerbarano, Maria Luana
Piano, Carla
Imbimbo, Isabella
Di Nicola, Marco
Simonetti, Alessio
Sani, Gabriele
Bentivoglio, Anna Rita
Functional Movement Disorders during COVID-19: Psychological Distress, Affective Temperament and Emotional Dysregulation
title Functional Movement Disorders during COVID-19: Psychological Distress, Affective Temperament and Emotional Dysregulation
title_full Functional Movement Disorders during COVID-19: Psychological Distress, Affective Temperament and Emotional Dysregulation
title_fullStr Functional Movement Disorders during COVID-19: Psychological Distress, Affective Temperament and Emotional Dysregulation
title_full_unstemmed Functional Movement Disorders during COVID-19: Psychological Distress, Affective Temperament and Emotional Dysregulation
title_short Functional Movement Disorders during COVID-19: Psychological Distress, Affective Temperament and Emotional Dysregulation
title_sort functional movement disorders during covid-19: psychological distress, affective temperament and emotional dysregulation
topic Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9960146/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36836408
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020175
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