Cargando…
PPARs and the Kynurenine Pathway in Melanoma—Potential Biological Interactions
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors involved in various physiological and pathological processes within the skin. PPARs regulate several processes in one of the most aggressive skin cancers, melanoma, including proliferation, cell cycle, met...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9960262/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36834531 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043114 |
_version_ | 1784895471505899520 |
---|---|
author | Walczak, Katarzyna Gerkowicz, Agnieszka Krasowska, Dorota |
author_facet | Walczak, Katarzyna Gerkowicz, Agnieszka Krasowska, Dorota |
author_sort | Walczak, Katarzyna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors involved in various physiological and pathological processes within the skin. PPARs regulate several processes in one of the most aggressive skin cancers, melanoma, including proliferation, cell cycle, metabolic homeostasis, cell death, and metastasis. In this review, we focused not only on the biological activity of PPAR isoforms in melanoma initiation, progression, and metastasis but also on potential biological interactions between the PPAR signaling and the kynurenine pathways. The kynurenine pathway is a major pathway of tryptophan metabolism leading to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) production. Importantly, various tryptophan metabolites exert biological activity toward cancer cells, including melanoma. Previous studies confirmed the functional relationship between PPAR and the kynurenine pathway in skeletal muscles. Despite the fact this interaction has not been reported in melanoma to date, some bioinformatics data and biological activity of PPAR ligands and tryptophan metabolites may suggest a potential involvement of these metabolic and signaling pathways in melanoma initiation, progression, and metastasis. Importantly, the possible relationship between the PPAR signaling pathway and the kynurenine pathway may relate not only to the direct biological effect on melanoma cells but also to the tumor microenvironment and the immune system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9960262 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99602622023-02-26 PPARs and the Kynurenine Pathway in Melanoma—Potential Biological Interactions Walczak, Katarzyna Gerkowicz, Agnieszka Krasowska, Dorota Int J Mol Sci Review Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors involved in various physiological and pathological processes within the skin. PPARs regulate several processes in one of the most aggressive skin cancers, melanoma, including proliferation, cell cycle, metabolic homeostasis, cell death, and metastasis. In this review, we focused not only on the biological activity of PPAR isoforms in melanoma initiation, progression, and metastasis but also on potential biological interactions between the PPAR signaling and the kynurenine pathways. The kynurenine pathway is a major pathway of tryptophan metabolism leading to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) production. Importantly, various tryptophan metabolites exert biological activity toward cancer cells, including melanoma. Previous studies confirmed the functional relationship between PPAR and the kynurenine pathway in skeletal muscles. Despite the fact this interaction has not been reported in melanoma to date, some bioinformatics data and biological activity of PPAR ligands and tryptophan metabolites may suggest a potential involvement of these metabolic and signaling pathways in melanoma initiation, progression, and metastasis. Importantly, the possible relationship between the PPAR signaling pathway and the kynurenine pathway may relate not only to the direct biological effect on melanoma cells but also to the tumor microenvironment and the immune system. MDPI 2023-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9960262/ /pubmed/36834531 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043114 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Walczak, Katarzyna Gerkowicz, Agnieszka Krasowska, Dorota PPARs and the Kynurenine Pathway in Melanoma—Potential Biological Interactions |
title | PPARs and the Kynurenine Pathway in Melanoma—Potential Biological Interactions |
title_full | PPARs and the Kynurenine Pathway in Melanoma—Potential Biological Interactions |
title_fullStr | PPARs and the Kynurenine Pathway in Melanoma—Potential Biological Interactions |
title_full_unstemmed | PPARs and the Kynurenine Pathway in Melanoma—Potential Biological Interactions |
title_short | PPARs and the Kynurenine Pathway in Melanoma—Potential Biological Interactions |
title_sort | ppars and the kynurenine pathway in melanoma—potential biological interactions |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9960262/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36834531 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043114 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT walczakkatarzyna pparsandthekynureninepathwayinmelanomapotentialbiologicalinteractions AT gerkowiczagnieszka pparsandthekynureninepathwayinmelanomapotentialbiologicalinteractions AT krasowskadorota pparsandthekynureninepathwayinmelanomapotentialbiologicalinteractions |