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Dynamic Range Compression of Thermograms for Assessment of Welded Joint Face Quality

Temperature is one of the essential parameters in fusion welding. Typically, an uncooled infrared detector acquires 14-bit data, while a human observer can only distinguish about 128 levels of grey. For IR HDR (high dynamic range) images, one of the main goals of dynamic range compression is to enha...

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Autores principales: Jamrozik, Wojciech, Górka, Jacek, Batalha, Gilmar Ferreira
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9960618/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850593
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041995
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author Jamrozik, Wojciech
Górka, Jacek
Batalha, Gilmar Ferreira
author_facet Jamrozik, Wojciech
Górka, Jacek
Batalha, Gilmar Ferreira
author_sort Jamrozik, Wojciech
collection PubMed
description Temperature is one of the essential parameters in fusion welding. Typically, an uncooled infrared detector acquires 14-bit data, while a human observer can only distinguish about 128 levels of grey. For IR HDR (high dynamic range) images, one of the main goals of dynamic range compression is to enhance the visibility of low-contrast details. It is an important issue because the temperature span in the cross-section of a welded joint and its length are large. In the paper, global approaches for range compression are investigated, such as algorithms that include pixel transformations, histogram equalization (‘he’) and some of its variants. Additionally, multiscale decomposition methods were investigated. All results are obtained for the sequences of thermograms acquired during the TIG welding of plates made of Inconel 625 superalloy. The process was observed with an uncooled IR camera. The application of compression methods led to the generation of low-dynamic-range (LDR) IR images. The algorithms allowed the preservation of global contrast and enhancement of the visibility of hot details in dark and low-contrast areas. All IR representations of the welded samples were evaluated, and relationships between apparent temperature counted in the pixel-level value and weld-face geometry were revealed. Methods based on wavelet transforms were found to be the most suitable for this type of image; nevertheless, a relatively large local noise was generated.
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spelling pubmed-99606182023-02-26 Dynamic Range Compression of Thermograms for Assessment of Welded Joint Face Quality Jamrozik, Wojciech Górka, Jacek Batalha, Gilmar Ferreira Sensors (Basel) Article Temperature is one of the essential parameters in fusion welding. Typically, an uncooled infrared detector acquires 14-bit data, while a human observer can only distinguish about 128 levels of grey. For IR HDR (high dynamic range) images, one of the main goals of dynamic range compression is to enhance the visibility of low-contrast details. It is an important issue because the temperature span in the cross-section of a welded joint and its length are large. In the paper, global approaches for range compression are investigated, such as algorithms that include pixel transformations, histogram equalization (‘he’) and some of its variants. Additionally, multiscale decomposition methods were investigated. All results are obtained for the sequences of thermograms acquired during the TIG welding of plates made of Inconel 625 superalloy. The process was observed with an uncooled IR camera. The application of compression methods led to the generation of low-dynamic-range (LDR) IR images. The algorithms allowed the preservation of global contrast and enhancement of the visibility of hot details in dark and low-contrast areas. All IR representations of the welded samples were evaluated, and relationships between apparent temperature counted in the pixel-level value and weld-face geometry were revealed. Methods based on wavelet transforms were found to be the most suitable for this type of image; nevertheless, a relatively large local noise was generated. MDPI 2023-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9960618/ /pubmed/36850593 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041995 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Jamrozik, Wojciech
Górka, Jacek
Batalha, Gilmar Ferreira
Dynamic Range Compression of Thermograms for Assessment of Welded Joint Face Quality
title Dynamic Range Compression of Thermograms for Assessment of Welded Joint Face Quality
title_full Dynamic Range Compression of Thermograms for Assessment of Welded Joint Face Quality
title_fullStr Dynamic Range Compression of Thermograms for Assessment of Welded Joint Face Quality
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic Range Compression of Thermograms for Assessment of Welded Joint Face Quality
title_short Dynamic Range Compression of Thermograms for Assessment of Welded Joint Face Quality
title_sort dynamic range compression of thermograms for assessment of welded joint face quality
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9960618/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850593
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041995
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