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Benzimidazole Derivatives Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease via Interaction with ERG6 of Fusarium equiseti and Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System of Pepper Plants
Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), also known as bell pepper, is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops worldwide. It is attacked by numerous phytopathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium equiseti, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease. In the current study, we proposed two benzimidazole derivat...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9961032/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36836358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020244 |
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author | El-Nagar, Asmaa Elzaawely, Abdelnaser A. El-Zahaby, Hassan M. Xuan, Tran Dang Khanh, Tran Dang Gaber, Mohamed El-Wakeil, Nadia El-Sayed, Yusif Nehela, Yasser |
author_facet | El-Nagar, Asmaa Elzaawely, Abdelnaser A. El-Zahaby, Hassan M. Xuan, Tran Dang Khanh, Tran Dang Gaber, Mohamed El-Wakeil, Nadia El-Sayed, Yusif Nehela, Yasser |
author_sort | El-Nagar, Asmaa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), also known as bell pepper, is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops worldwide. It is attacked by numerous phytopathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium equiseti, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease. In the current study, we proposed two benzimidazole derivatives, including 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-H benzimidazole (HPBI) and its aluminum complex (Al−HPBI complex), as potential control alternatives to F. equiseti. Our findings showed that both compounds demonstrated dose-dependent antifungal activity against F. equiseti in vitro and significantly suppressed disease development in pepper plants under greenhouse conditions. According to in silico analysis, the F. equiseti genome possesses a predicted Sterol 24-C-methyltransferase (FeEGR6) protein that shares a high degree of homology with EGR6 from F. oxysporum (FoEGR6). It is worth mentioning that molecular docking analysis confirmed that both compounds can interact with FeEGR6 from F. equiseti as well as FoEGR6 from F. oxysporum. Moreover, root application of HPBI and its aluminum complex significantly enhanced the enzymatic activities of guaiacol-dependent peroxidases (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and upregulated four antioxidant-related enzymes, including superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (CaSOD-Cu), L-ascorbate peroxidase 1, cytosolic (CaAPX), glutathione reductase, chloroplastic (CaGR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (CaMDHAR). Additionally, both benzimidazole derivatives induced the accumulation of total soluble phenolics and total soluble flavonoids. Collectively, these findings suggest that the application of HPBI and Al−HPBI complex induce both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense machinery. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9961032 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99610322023-02-26 Benzimidazole Derivatives Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease via Interaction with ERG6 of Fusarium equiseti and Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System of Pepper Plants El-Nagar, Asmaa Elzaawely, Abdelnaser A. El-Zahaby, Hassan M. Xuan, Tran Dang Khanh, Tran Dang Gaber, Mohamed El-Wakeil, Nadia El-Sayed, Yusif Nehela, Yasser J Fungi (Basel) Article Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), also known as bell pepper, is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops worldwide. It is attacked by numerous phytopathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium equiseti, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease. In the current study, we proposed two benzimidazole derivatives, including 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-H benzimidazole (HPBI) and its aluminum complex (Al−HPBI complex), as potential control alternatives to F. equiseti. Our findings showed that both compounds demonstrated dose-dependent antifungal activity against F. equiseti in vitro and significantly suppressed disease development in pepper plants under greenhouse conditions. According to in silico analysis, the F. equiseti genome possesses a predicted Sterol 24-C-methyltransferase (FeEGR6) protein that shares a high degree of homology with EGR6 from F. oxysporum (FoEGR6). It is worth mentioning that molecular docking analysis confirmed that both compounds can interact with FeEGR6 from F. equiseti as well as FoEGR6 from F. oxysporum. Moreover, root application of HPBI and its aluminum complex significantly enhanced the enzymatic activities of guaiacol-dependent peroxidases (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and upregulated four antioxidant-related enzymes, including superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (CaSOD-Cu), L-ascorbate peroxidase 1, cytosolic (CaAPX), glutathione reductase, chloroplastic (CaGR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (CaMDHAR). Additionally, both benzimidazole derivatives induced the accumulation of total soluble phenolics and total soluble flavonoids. Collectively, these findings suggest that the application of HPBI and Al−HPBI complex induce both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense machinery. MDPI 2023-02-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9961032/ /pubmed/36836358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020244 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article El-Nagar, Asmaa Elzaawely, Abdelnaser A. El-Zahaby, Hassan M. Xuan, Tran Dang Khanh, Tran Dang Gaber, Mohamed El-Wakeil, Nadia El-Sayed, Yusif Nehela, Yasser Benzimidazole Derivatives Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease via Interaction with ERG6 of Fusarium equiseti and Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System of Pepper Plants |
title | Benzimidazole Derivatives Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease via Interaction with ERG6 of Fusarium equiseti and Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System of Pepper Plants |
title_full | Benzimidazole Derivatives Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease via Interaction with ERG6 of Fusarium equiseti and Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System of Pepper Plants |
title_fullStr | Benzimidazole Derivatives Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease via Interaction with ERG6 of Fusarium equiseti and Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System of Pepper Plants |
title_full_unstemmed | Benzimidazole Derivatives Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease via Interaction with ERG6 of Fusarium equiseti and Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System of Pepper Plants |
title_short | Benzimidazole Derivatives Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease via Interaction with ERG6 of Fusarium equiseti and Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System of Pepper Plants |
title_sort | benzimidazole derivatives suppress fusarium wilt disease via interaction with erg6 of fusarium equiseti and activation of the antioxidant defense system of pepper plants |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9961032/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36836358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020244 |
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