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The Elasticity of Polymer Melts and Solutions in Shear and Extension Flows

This review is devoted to understanding the role of elasticity in the main flow modes of polymeric viscoelastic liquids—shearing and extension. The flow through short capillaries is the central topic for discussing the input of elasticity to the effects, which are especially interesting for shear. A...

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Autores principales: Subbotin, Andrey V., Malkin, Alexander Ya., Kulichikhin, Valery G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9961469/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850333
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15041051
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author Subbotin, Andrey V.
Malkin, Alexander Ya.
Kulichikhin, Valery G.
author_facet Subbotin, Andrey V.
Malkin, Alexander Ya.
Kulichikhin, Valery G.
author_sort Subbotin, Andrey V.
collection PubMed
description This review is devoted to understanding the role of elasticity in the main flow modes of polymeric viscoelastic liquids—shearing and extension. The flow through short capillaries is the central topic for discussing the input of elasticity to the effects, which are especially interesting for shear. An analysis of the experimental data made it possible to show that the energy losses in such flows are determined by the Deborah and Weissenberg numbers. These criteria are responsible for abnormally high entrance effects, as well as for mechanical losses in short capillaries. In addition, the Weissenberg number determines the threshold of the flow instability due to the liquid-to-solid transition. In extension, this criterion shows whether deformation takes place as flow or as elastic strain. However, the stability of a free jet in extension depends not only on the viscoelastic properties of a polymeric substance but also on the driving forces: gravity, surface tension, etc. An analysis of the influence of different force combinations on the shape of the stretched jet is presented. The concept of the role of elasticity in the deformation of polymeric liquids is crucial for any kind of polymer processing.
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spelling pubmed-99614692023-02-26 The Elasticity of Polymer Melts and Solutions in Shear and Extension Flows Subbotin, Andrey V. Malkin, Alexander Ya. Kulichikhin, Valery G. Polymers (Basel) Review This review is devoted to understanding the role of elasticity in the main flow modes of polymeric viscoelastic liquids—shearing and extension. The flow through short capillaries is the central topic for discussing the input of elasticity to the effects, which are especially interesting for shear. An analysis of the experimental data made it possible to show that the energy losses in such flows are determined by the Deborah and Weissenberg numbers. These criteria are responsible for abnormally high entrance effects, as well as for mechanical losses in short capillaries. In addition, the Weissenberg number determines the threshold of the flow instability due to the liquid-to-solid transition. In extension, this criterion shows whether deformation takes place as flow or as elastic strain. However, the stability of a free jet in extension depends not only on the viscoelastic properties of a polymeric substance but also on the driving forces: gravity, surface tension, etc. An analysis of the influence of different force combinations on the shape of the stretched jet is presented. The concept of the role of elasticity in the deformation of polymeric liquids is crucial for any kind of polymer processing. MDPI 2023-02-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9961469/ /pubmed/36850333 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15041051 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Subbotin, Andrey V.
Malkin, Alexander Ya.
Kulichikhin, Valery G.
The Elasticity of Polymer Melts and Solutions in Shear and Extension Flows
title The Elasticity of Polymer Melts and Solutions in Shear and Extension Flows
title_full The Elasticity of Polymer Melts and Solutions in Shear and Extension Flows
title_fullStr The Elasticity of Polymer Melts and Solutions in Shear and Extension Flows
title_full_unstemmed The Elasticity of Polymer Melts and Solutions in Shear and Extension Flows
title_short The Elasticity of Polymer Melts and Solutions in Shear and Extension Flows
title_sort elasticity of polymer melts and solutions in shear and extension flows
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9961469/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850333
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15041051
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