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Experimental Study of Curing Temperature Effect on Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber Composites with Application to Filament Winding Pressure Vessel Design

During the forming process of carbon fiber composite pressure vessels, the parameters of the curing and forming processes become one of the critical factors affecting the production cost and forming quality. The curing temperature of 4251 A4/B2 epoxy resin is measured in this research, and the effec...

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Autores principales: Liang, Jianguo, Liu, Lihua, Qin, Zelin, Zhao, Xiaodong, Li, Zhi, Emmanuel, Uwayezu, Feng, Jun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9961612/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850262
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040982
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author Liang, Jianguo
Liu, Lihua
Qin, Zelin
Zhao, Xiaodong
Li, Zhi
Emmanuel, Uwayezu
Feng, Jun
author_facet Liang, Jianguo
Liu, Lihua
Qin, Zelin
Zhao, Xiaodong
Li, Zhi
Emmanuel, Uwayezu
Feng, Jun
author_sort Liang, Jianguo
collection PubMed
description During the forming process of carbon fiber composite pressure vessels, the parameters of the curing and forming processes become one of the critical factors affecting the production cost and forming quality. The curing temperature of 4251 A4/B2 epoxy resin is measured in this research, and the effect of curing temperature on the mechanical properties of composite materials for winding is studied, which is finally verified in the test of pressure vessels. First, the actual curing temperature of the epoxy resin is tested and analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Second, under two different curing regimes, the tensile and flexural properties are tested by making pure epoxy resin matrix test pieces, Naval Ordnance Laboratory (NOL) rings, and carbon fiber composite unidirectional plates that affect the overall performance of composite pressure vessels. At the same time, the test results provide reliable process parameters for numerical simulation and manufacturing of pressure vessels. Finally, the filament-wound 35 MPa type [Formula: see text] pressure vessel is cured and carried out using a hydraulic burst test. The results show the resin matrix has good fluidity and excellent interface bonding with carbon fiber when the curing temperature is 112 °C. Compared with the results in curing temperature of 100 °C, the tensile strength of the NOL ring reaches 2260.8 MPa, up by 22%. In the 90° direction, the tensile and flexural strengths of the unidirectional plates increase by 68.86% and 37.42%, respectively. In the 0° direction, the tensile and flexural strengths of the unidirectional plates increase by 5.82% and 1.16%, respectively. The pressure vessel bursting form is reasonable and meets the CGH2R standard. The bursting pressure of the vessel is up to 104.4 MPa, which verifies the rationality of the curing regime used in the curing process of the pressure vessel. Based on the results of this paper, the curing temperature affects the fluidity of the epoxy resin, which in turn affects the interfacial bonding properties of the composite, and the forming quality of the wound components and the pressure vessel, ultimately. When using 4251A4/B2 epoxy resin for wet winding pressure vessels, the choice of a 112 °C curing temperature will help improve the vessel’s overall performance. This work could provide reliable experience and insight into the curing process analysis of pressure vessel manufacturing.
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spelling pubmed-99616122023-02-26 Experimental Study of Curing Temperature Effect on Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber Composites with Application to Filament Winding Pressure Vessel Design Liang, Jianguo Liu, Lihua Qin, Zelin Zhao, Xiaodong Li, Zhi Emmanuel, Uwayezu Feng, Jun Polymers (Basel) Article During the forming process of carbon fiber composite pressure vessels, the parameters of the curing and forming processes become one of the critical factors affecting the production cost and forming quality. The curing temperature of 4251 A4/B2 epoxy resin is measured in this research, and the effect of curing temperature on the mechanical properties of composite materials for winding is studied, which is finally verified in the test of pressure vessels. First, the actual curing temperature of the epoxy resin is tested and analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Second, under two different curing regimes, the tensile and flexural properties are tested by making pure epoxy resin matrix test pieces, Naval Ordnance Laboratory (NOL) rings, and carbon fiber composite unidirectional plates that affect the overall performance of composite pressure vessels. At the same time, the test results provide reliable process parameters for numerical simulation and manufacturing of pressure vessels. Finally, the filament-wound 35 MPa type [Formula: see text] pressure vessel is cured and carried out using a hydraulic burst test. The results show the resin matrix has good fluidity and excellent interface bonding with carbon fiber when the curing temperature is 112 °C. Compared with the results in curing temperature of 100 °C, the tensile strength of the NOL ring reaches 2260.8 MPa, up by 22%. In the 90° direction, the tensile and flexural strengths of the unidirectional plates increase by 68.86% and 37.42%, respectively. In the 0° direction, the tensile and flexural strengths of the unidirectional plates increase by 5.82% and 1.16%, respectively. The pressure vessel bursting form is reasonable and meets the CGH2R standard. The bursting pressure of the vessel is up to 104.4 MPa, which verifies the rationality of the curing regime used in the curing process of the pressure vessel. Based on the results of this paper, the curing temperature affects the fluidity of the epoxy resin, which in turn affects the interfacial bonding properties of the composite, and the forming quality of the wound components and the pressure vessel, ultimately. When using 4251A4/B2 epoxy resin for wet winding pressure vessels, the choice of a 112 °C curing temperature will help improve the vessel’s overall performance. This work could provide reliable experience and insight into the curing process analysis of pressure vessel manufacturing. MDPI 2023-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9961612/ /pubmed/36850262 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040982 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Liang, Jianguo
Liu, Lihua
Qin, Zelin
Zhao, Xiaodong
Li, Zhi
Emmanuel, Uwayezu
Feng, Jun
Experimental Study of Curing Temperature Effect on Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber Composites with Application to Filament Winding Pressure Vessel Design
title Experimental Study of Curing Temperature Effect on Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber Composites with Application to Filament Winding Pressure Vessel Design
title_full Experimental Study of Curing Temperature Effect on Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber Composites with Application to Filament Winding Pressure Vessel Design
title_fullStr Experimental Study of Curing Temperature Effect on Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber Composites with Application to Filament Winding Pressure Vessel Design
title_full_unstemmed Experimental Study of Curing Temperature Effect on Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber Composites with Application to Filament Winding Pressure Vessel Design
title_short Experimental Study of Curing Temperature Effect on Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber Composites with Application to Filament Winding Pressure Vessel Design
title_sort experimental study of curing temperature effect on mechanical performance of carbon fiber composites with application to filament winding pressure vessel design
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9961612/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850262
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040982
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