The Impact of Nutritional Status on Sexual Function in Male Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background and Objectives: Sexual function and nutritional status assessment are relevant topics in chronic kidney disease patients. This study was designed to investigate whether bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived nutritional parameters, nutritional biomarkers, and handgrip strength influence sexual function and to analyze the changes in sexual function after kidney transplantation in men. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four men with kidney failure who had undergone replacement therapy entered the study. In addition, sexual function and nutritional status were evaluated before kidney transplantation and 12 months after. We used the International Index of Erectile Function, bioelectrical impedance analysis, three different malnutrition screening tools, handgrip strength, and anthropometric measurements. The demographic profiles and biochemical nutritional markers were collected. Results: Sexual inactivity was associated with a lower phase angle (6 (1) vs. 7 (1), p < 0.05) and a higher fat mass index (7 (5) vs. 3 (4), p < 0.05). Normal erectile function before kidney transplantation was significantly related to higher fat-free mass (67 (11) vs. 74 (7), p < 0.05) and lean mass (64 (10) vs. 70 (7), p < 0.05). The improvement in erectile function after kidney transplantation was nonsignificant (44% vs. 33%, p = 0.57). Only a weak association between muscle mass and sexual desire 12 months after kidney transplantation was found (rS = 0.36, p = 0.02). Further, linear regression revealed that higher muscle mass could predict better sexual desire after kidney transplantation following adjustment for age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Kidney transplantation did not significantly improve erectile dysfunction in our study population. Sexual desire and intercourse satisfaction are the most affected domains in patients with chronic kidney disease. Higher muscle mass predicts higher sexual desire after kidney transplantation. Higher levels of fat-free and lean mass are associated with normal erectile function before kidney transplantation.