Transition Routes of Electrokinetic Flow in a Divergent Microchannel with Bending Walls

Electrokinetic flow can be generated as a highly coupled phenomenon among velocity fields, electric conductivity fields, and electric fields. It can exhibit different responses to AC electric fields in different frequency regimes, according to different instability/receptivity mechanisms. In this investigation, by both flow visualization and single-point laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method, the response of AC electrokinetic flow and the transition routes towards chaos and turbulence have been experimentally investigated. It is found, when the AC frequency [Formula: see text] Hz, the interface responds at both the neutral frequency of the basic flow and the AC frequency. However, when [Formula: see text] Hz, the interface responds only at the neutral frequency of the basic flow. Both periodic doubling and subcritical bifurcations have been observed in the transition of AC electrokinetic flow. We hope the current investigation can promote our current understanding of the ultrafast transition process of electrokinetic flow from laminar state to turbulence.