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Significant Biotransformation of Arsenobetaine into Inorganic Arsenic in Mice
Arsenic (As) is extremely toxic to living organisms at high concentrations. Arsenobetaine (AsB), confirmed to be a non-toxic form, is the main contributor to As in the muscle tissue of marine fish. However, few studies have investigated the biotransformation and biodegradation of AsB in mammals. In...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9962689/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850967 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020091 |
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author | Zhang, Jichao Ye, Zijun Huang, Liping Zhao, Qianyu Dong, Kaige Zhang, Wei |
author_facet | Zhang, Jichao Ye, Zijun Huang, Liping Zhao, Qianyu Dong, Kaige Zhang, Wei |
author_sort | Zhang, Jichao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Arsenic (As) is extremely toxic to living organisms at high concentrations. Arsenobetaine (AsB), confirmed to be a non-toxic form, is the main contributor to As in the muscle tissue of marine fish. However, few studies have investigated the biotransformation and biodegradation of AsB in mammals. In the current study, C57BL/6J mice were fed four different diets, namely, Yangjiang and Zhanjiang fish diets spiked with marine fish muscle containing AsB, and arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) diets spiked with As(III) and As(V), respectively, to investigate the biotransformation and bioaccumulation of AsB in mouse tissues for 42 d. Different diets exhibited different As species distributions, which contributed to varying levels of As bioaccumulation in different tissues. The intestines accumulated the highest level of As, regardless of form, which played a major part in As absorption and distribution in mice. We observed a significant biotransformation of AsB to As(V) following its diet exposure, and the liver, lungs, and spleen of AsB-treated mice showed higher As accumulation levels than those of As(III)- or As(V)-treated mice. Inorganic As showed relatively high accumulation levels in the lungs and spleen after long-term exposure to AsB. Overall, these findings provided strong evidence that AsB undergoes biotransformation to As(V) in mammals, indicating the potential health risk associated with long-term AsB intake in mammals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9962689 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99626892023-02-26 Significant Biotransformation of Arsenobetaine into Inorganic Arsenic in Mice Zhang, Jichao Ye, Zijun Huang, Liping Zhao, Qianyu Dong, Kaige Zhang, Wei Toxics Article Arsenic (As) is extremely toxic to living organisms at high concentrations. Arsenobetaine (AsB), confirmed to be a non-toxic form, is the main contributor to As in the muscle tissue of marine fish. However, few studies have investigated the biotransformation and biodegradation of AsB in mammals. In the current study, C57BL/6J mice were fed four different diets, namely, Yangjiang and Zhanjiang fish diets spiked with marine fish muscle containing AsB, and arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) diets spiked with As(III) and As(V), respectively, to investigate the biotransformation and bioaccumulation of AsB in mouse tissues for 42 d. Different diets exhibited different As species distributions, which contributed to varying levels of As bioaccumulation in different tissues. The intestines accumulated the highest level of As, regardless of form, which played a major part in As absorption and distribution in mice. We observed a significant biotransformation of AsB to As(V) following its diet exposure, and the liver, lungs, and spleen of AsB-treated mice showed higher As accumulation levels than those of As(III)- or As(V)-treated mice. Inorganic As showed relatively high accumulation levels in the lungs and spleen after long-term exposure to AsB. Overall, these findings provided strong evidence that AsB undergoes biotransformation to As(V) in mammals, indicating the potential health risk associated with long-term AsB intake in mammals. MDPI 2023-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9962689/ /pubmed/36850967 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020091 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zhang, Jichao Ye, Zijun Huang, Liping Zhao, Qianyu Dong, Kaige Zhang, Wei Significant Biotransformation of Arsenobetaine into Inorganic Arsenic in Mice |
title | Significant Biotransformation of Arsenobetaine into Inorganic Arsenic in Mice |
title_full | Significant Biotransformation of Arsenobetaine into Inorganic Arsenic in Mice |
title_fullStr | Significant Biotransformation of Arsenobetaine into Inorganic Arsenic in Mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Significant Biotransformation of Arsenobetaine into Inorganic Arsenic in Mice |
title_short | Significant Biotransformation of Arsenobetaine into Inorganic Arsenic in Mice |
title_sort | significant biotransformation of arsenobetaine into inorganic arsenic in mice |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9962689/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850967 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020091 |
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