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Can Satellite Remote Sensing Assist in the Characterization of Yeasts Related to Biogeographical Origin?

Biogeography is a key concept associated with microbial terroir, which is responsible for the differentiation and uniqueness of wines. One of the factors influencing this microbial terroir is the vegetation, which in turn is influenced by climate, soil, and cultural practices. Remote sensing instrum...

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Autores principales: Castrillo, David, Blanco, Pilar, Vélez, Sergio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9962804/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850656
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042059
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author Castrillo, David
Blanco, Pilar
Vélez, Sergio
author_facet Castrillo, David
Blanco, Pilar
Vélez, Sergio
author_sort Castrillo, David
collection PubMed
description Biogeography is a key concept associated with microbial terroir, which is responsible for the differentiation and uniqueness of wines. One of the factors influencing this microbial terroir is the vegetation, which in turn is influenced by climate, soil, and cultural practices. Remote sensing instruments can provide useful information about vegetation. This study analyses the relationship between NDVI, calculated using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 satellite images of different veraison dates, and microbial data obtained in 2015 from 14 commercial (organic and conventional) vineyards belonging to four Designations of Origin (DOs) from Galicia (northwest Spain). Microbial populations in grapes and musts were identified using PCR techniques and confirmed by sequencing. Statistical analyses were made using PCA, CCA, TB-PLS, and correlation analyses. This study confirms that the NDVI is positively correlated with the diversity of yeasts, both in grapes’ surface and must samples. Moreover, the results of this study show: (i) Sentinel-2 images, as well as Landsat-8 images, can establish differences in NDVI related to yeast terroir in grapes and musts, as it is the most relevant DO factor, (ii) Sentinel-2 NDVI and yeast biogeography are moderately to strongly correlated, (iii) Sentinel-2 achieved a better delimitation of the DOs than Landsat-8 and can establish more accurate differences in NDVI–yeast terroir correlations, and (iv) a higher NDVI was associated with the yeast biogeographical patterns of the DOs with higher species richness (S) consisting of weakly fermenting yeasts (Hanseniaspora uvarum, Pichia spp., Starmerella bacillaris, and Zygosaccharomyces spp). However, NDVI values did not correlate well with biogeographic patterns of yeasts previously studied at frequency level (proportion or percentage of each species) in each particular DO. This study suggests that satellite imagery has the potential to be a valuable tool for wine quality management and a decision-making instrument for DO regulators and winegrowers.
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spelling pubmed-99628042023-02-26 Can Satellite Remote Sensing Assist in the Characterization of Yeasts Related to Biogeographical Origin? Castrillo, David Blanco, Pilar Vélez, Sergio Sensors (Basel) Article Biogeography is a key concept associated with microbial terroir, which is responsible for the differentiation and uniqueness of wines. One of the factors influencing this microbial terroir is the vegetation, which in turn is influenced by climate, soil, and cultural practices. Remote sensing instruments can provide useful information about vegetation. This study analyses the relationship between NDVI, calculated using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 satellite images of different veraison dates, and microbial data obtained in 2015 from 14 commercial (organic and conventional) vineyards belonging to four Designations of Origin (DOs) from Galicia (northwest Spain). Microbial populations in grapes and musts were identified using PCR techniques and confirmed by sequencing. Statistical analyses were made using PCA, CCA, TB-PLS, and correlation analyses. This study confirms that the NDVI is positively correlated with the diversity of yeasts, both in grapes’ surface and must samples. Moreover, the results of this study show: (i) Sentinel-2 images, as well as Landsat-8 images, can establish differences in NDVI related to yeast terroir in grapes and musts, as it is the most relevant DO factor, (ii) Sentinel-2 NDVI and yeast biogeography are moderately to strongly correlated, (iii) Sentinel-2 achieved a better delimitation of the DOs than Landsat-8 and can establish more accurate differences in NDVI–yeast terroir correlations, and (iv) a higher NDVI was associated with the yeast biogeographical patterns of the DOs with higher species richness (S) consisting of weakly fermenting yeasts (Hanseniaspora uvarum, Pichia spp., Starmerella bacillaris, and Zygosaccharomyces spp). However, NDVI values did not correlate well with biogeographic patterns of yeasts previously studied at frequency level (proportion or percentage of each species) in each particular DO. This study suggests that satellite imagery has the potential to be a valuable tool for wine quality management and a decision-making instrument for DO regulators and winegrowers. MDPI 2023-02-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9962804/ /pubmed/36850656 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042059 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Castrillo, David
Blanco, Pilar
Vélez, Sergio
Can Satellite Remote Sensing Assist in the Characterization of Yeasts Related to Biogeographical Origin?
title Can Satellite Remote Sensing Assist in the Characterization of Yeasts Related to Biogeographical Origin?
title_full Can Satellite Remote Sensing Assist in the Characterization of Yeasts Related to Biogeographical Origin?
title_fullStr Can Satellite Remote Sensing Assist in the Characterization of Yeasts Related to Biogeographical Origin?
title_full_unstemmed Can Satellite Remote Sensing Assist in the Characterization of Yeasts Related to Biogeographical Origin?
title_short Can Satellite Remote Sensing Assist in the Characterization of Yeasts Related to Biogeographical Origin?
title_sort can satellite remote sensing assist in the characterization of yeasts related to biogeographical origin?
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9962804/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850656
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042059
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