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Identification and Biosynthesis of DHN-melanin Related Pigments in the Pathogenic Fungi Monilinia laxa, M. fructicola, and M. fructigena
Monilinia is the causal agent of brown rot in stone fruit. The three main species that cause this disease are Monilinia laxa, M. fructicola, and M. fructigena, and their infection capacity is influenced by environmental factors (i.e., light, temperature, and humidity). To tolerate stressful environm...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9962828/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36836253 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020138 |
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author | Verde-Yáñez, Lucía Vall-llaura, Núria Usall, Josep Teixidó, Neus Torreblanca-Bravo, Èlia Torres, Rosario |
author_facet | Verde-Yáñez, Lucía Vall-llaura, Núria Usall, Josep Teixidó, Neus Torreblanca-Bravo, Èlia Torres, Rosario |
author_sort | Verde-Yáñez, Lucía |
collection | PubMed |
description | Monilinia is the causal agent of brown rot in stone fruit. The three main species that cause this disease are Monilinia laxa, M. fructicola, and M. fructigena, and their infection capacity is influenced by environmental factors (i.e., light, temperature, and humidity). To tolerate stressful environmental conditions, fungi can produce secondary metabolites. Particularly, melanin-like pigments can contribute to survival in unfavorable conditions. In many fungi, this pigment is due to the accumulation of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin (DHN). In this study, we have identified for the first time the genes involved in the DHN pathway in the three main Monilinia spp. and we have proved their capacity to synthetize melanin-like pigments, both in synthetic medium and in nectarines at three stages of brown rot development. The expression of all the biosynthetic and regulatory genes of the DHN-melanin pathway has also been determined under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Finally, we have analyzed the role of three genes involved in fungi survival and detoxification, and we have proved that there exists a close relationship between the synthesis of these pigments and the activation of the SSP1 gene. Overall, these results deeply describe the importance of DHN-melanin in the three main species of Monilinia: M. laxa, M. fructicola, and M. fructigena. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9962828 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99628282023-02-26 Identification and Biosynthesis of DHN-melanin Related Pigments in the Pathogenic Fungi Monilinia laxa, M. fructicola, and M. fructigena Verde-Yáñez, Lucía Vall-llaura, Núria Usall, Josep Teixidó, Neus Torreblanca-Bravo, Èlia Torres, Rosario J Fungi (Basel) Article Monilinia is the causal agent of brown rot in stone fruit. The three main species that cause this disease are Monilinia laxa, M. fructicola, and M. fructigena, and their infection capacity is influenced by environmental factors (i.e., light, temperature, and humidity). To tolerate stressful environmental conditions, fungi can produce secondary metabolites. Particularly, melanin-like pigments can contribute to survival in unfavorable conditions. In many fungi, this pigment is due to the accumulation of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin (DHN). In this study, we have identified for the first time the genes involved in the DHN pathway in the three main Monilinia spp. and we have proved their capacity to synthetize melanin-like pigments, both in synthetic medium and in nectarines at three stages of brown rot development. The expression of all the biosynthetic and regulatory genes of the DHN-melanin pathway has also been determined under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Finally, we have analyzed the role of three genes involved in fungi survival and detoxification, and we have proved that there exists a close relationship between the synthesis of these pigments and the activation of the SSP1 gene. Overall, these results deeply describe the importance of DHN-melanin in the three main species of Monilinia: M. laxa, M. fructicola, and M. fructigena. MDPI 2023-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9962828/ /pubmed/36836253 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020138 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Verde-Yáñez, Lucía Vall-llaura, Núria Usall, Josep Teixidó, Neus Torreblanca-Bravo, Èlia Torres, Rosario Identification and Biosynthesis of DHN-melanin Related Pigments in the Pathogenic Fungi Monilinia laxa, M. fructicola, and M. fructigena |
title | Identification and Biosynthesis of DHN-melanin Related Pigments in the Pathogenic Fungi Monilinia laxa, M. fructicola, and M. fructigena |
title_full | Identification and Biosynthesis of DHN-melanin Related Pigments in the Pathogenic Fungi Monilinia laxa, M. fructicola, and M. fructigena |
title_fullStr | Identification and Biosynthesis of DHN-melanin Related Pigments in the Pathogenic Fungi Monilinia laxa, M. fructicola, and M. fructigena |
title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Biosynthesis of DHN-melanin Related Pigments in the Pathogenic Fungi Monilinia laxa, M. fructicola, and M. fructigena |
title_short | Identification and Biosynthesis of DHN-melanin Related Pigments in the Pathogenic Fungi Monilinia laxa, M. fructicola, and M. fructigena |
title_sort | identification and biosynthesis of dhn-melanin related pigments in the pathogenic fungi monilinia laxa, m. fructicola, and m. fructigena |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9962828/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36836253 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020138 |
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