Implementation of Biopolymeric Nanomaterials to Reduce the Negative Impacts of Salinity on Tomato Quantity and Quality

Sustainable waste reduction strategies and innovative waste reduction concepts, as well as their application in the creation of compounds and products with added value, can benefit the economy while reducing environmental pressures. This research aimed to use biopolymeric nanomaterials to reduce the negative effects of salinity on tomato yield and quality. Three types of biopolymers (cellulose, pectin, and starch) were synthesized and characterized using natural materials such as rice straw, orange peel, and potato peel. The polymer’s ability to retain sodium ions was investigated. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the potential of natural polymers (cellulose, starch, and pectin individually or in combination) to reduce the salinity side effects on tomato plants (Solanum Lycopersicon L.) cultivar (Super Strain B). Tomato seeds were germinated on soil bits for 20 days before planting five seedlings in each pot (20 cm diameter) with three replicates and filling each pot with sandy loam soil, with or without natural polymers at a rate of 2 g/Kg. The results revealed that all the polymers utilized had a superlative capability to hold sodium ions for both soluble and exchanged sodium. The use of various natural polymer hydrogels increased the number and fresh weight of tomato fruits. Data showed that using biopolymers hydrogels reduced salinity stress by rising the content of phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase. The use of natural biopolymers significantly improved total soluble solids, pH, and juice substance. Implementing biopolymeric materials could reduce environmental pressures while increasing farm income. Innovative waste reduction strategies, such as the creation of value-added products, will benefit the economy, and this work is a good start in that direction.