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Quasispecies Nature of RNA Viruses: Lessons from the Past

Viral quasispecies are distinct but closely related mutants formed by the disparity in viral genomes due to recombination, mutations, competition, and selection pressure. Theoretical derivation for the origin of a quasispecies is owed to the error-prone replication by polymerase and mutants of RNA r...

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Autores principales: Singh, Kiran, Mehta, Deepa, Dumka, Shaurya, Chauhan, Aditya Singh, Kumar, Sachin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9963406/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851186
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020308
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author Singh, Kiran
Mehta, Deepa
Dumka, Shaurya
Chauhan, Aditya Singh
Kumar, Sachin
author_facet Singh, Kiran
Mehta, Deepa
Dumka, Shaurya
Chauhan, Aditya Singh
Kumar, Sachin
author_sort Singh, Kiran
collection PubMed
description Viral quasispecies are distinct but closely related mutants formed by the disparity in viral genomes due to recombination, mutations, competition, and selection pressure. Theoretical derivation for the origin of a quasispecies is owed to the error-prone replication by polymerase and mutants of RNA replicators. Here, we briefly addressed the theoretical and mathematical origin of quasispecies and their dynamics. The impact of quasispecies for major salient human pathogens is reviewed. In the current global scenario, rapid changes in geographical landscapes favor the origin and selection of mutants. It comes as no surprise that a cauldron of mutants poses a significant risk to public health, capable of causing pandemics. Mutation rates in RNA viruses are magnitudes higher than in DNA organisms, explaining their enhanced virulence and evolvability. RNA viruses cause the most devastating pandemics; for example, members of the Orthomyxoviridae family caused the great influenza pandemic (1918 flu or Spanish flu), the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) outbreak, and the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), lentiviruses of the Retroviridae family, caused worldwide devastation. Rapidly evolving RNA virus populations are a daunting challenge for the designing of effective control measures like vaccines. Developing awareness of the evolutionary dispositions of RNA viral mutant spectra and what influences their adaptation and virulence will help curtail outbreaks of past and future pathogens.
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spelling pubmed-99634062023-02-26 Quasispecies Nature of RNA Viruses: Lessons from the Past Singh, Kiran Mehta, Deepa Dumka, Shaurya Chauhan, Aditya Singh Kumar, Sachin Vaccines (Basel) Review Viral quasispecies are distinct but closely related mutants formed by the disparity in viral genomes due to recombination, mutations, competition, and selection pressure. Theoretical derivation for the origin of a quasispecies is owed to the error-prone replication by polymerase and mutants of RNA replicators. Here, we briefly addressed the theoretical and mathematical origin of quasispecies and their dynamics. The impact of quasispecies for major salient human pathogens is reviewed. In the current global scenario, rapid changes in geographical landscapes favor the origin and selection of mutants. It comes as no surprise that a cauldron of mutants poses a significant risk to public health, capable of causing pandemics. Mutation rates in RNA viruses are magnitudes higher than in DNA organisms, explaining their enhanced virulence and evolvability. RNA viruses cause the most devastating pandemics; for example, members of the Orthomyxoviridae family caused the great influenza pandemic (1918 flu or Spanish flu), the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) outbreak, and the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), lentiviruses of the Retroviridae family, caused worldwide devastation. Rapidly evolving RNA virus populations are a daunting challenge for the designing of effective control measures like vaccines. Developing awareness of the evolutionary dispositions of RNA viral mutant spectra and what influences their adaptation and virulence will help curtail outbreaks of past and future pathogens. MDPI 2023-01-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9963406/ /pubmed/36851186 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020308 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Singh, Kiran
Mehta, Deepa
Dumka, Shaurya
Chauhan, Aditya Singh
Kumar, Sachin
Quasispecies Nature of RNA Viruses: Lessons from the Past
title Quasispecies Nature of RNA Viruses: Lessons from the Past
title_full Quasispecies Nature of RNA Viruses: Lessons from the Past
title_fullStr Quasispecies Nature of RNA Viruses: Lessons from the Past
title_full_unstemmed Quasispecies Nature of RNA Viruses: Lessons from the Past
title_short Quasispecies Nature of RNA Viruses: Lessons from the Past
title_sort quasispecies nature of rna viruses: lessons from the past
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9963406/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851186
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020308
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