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Using cognitive psychology to understand GPT-3
We study GPT-3, a recent large language model, using tools from cognitive psychology. More specifically, we assess GPT-3’s decision-making, information search, deliberation, and causal reasoning abilities on a battery of canonical experiments from the literature. We find that much of GPT-3’s behavio...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
National Academy of Sciences
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9963545/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36730192 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2218523120 |
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author | Binz, Marcel Schulz, Eric |
author_facet | Binz, Marcel Schulz, Eric |
author_sort | Binz, Marcel |
collection | PubMed |
description | We study GPT-3, a recent large language model, using tools from cognitive psychology. More specifically, we assess GPT-3’s decision-making, information search, deliberation, and causal reasoning abilities on a battery of canonical experiments from the literature. We find that much of GPT-3’s behavior is impressive: It solves vignette-based tasks similarly or better than human subjects, is able to make decent decisions from descriptions, outperforms humans in a multiarmed bandit task, and shows signatures of model-based reinforcement learning. Yet, we also find that small perturbations to vignette-based tasks can lead GPT-3 vastly astray, that it shows no signatures of directed exploration, and that it fails miserably in a causal reasoning task. Taken together, these results enrich our understanding of current large language models and pave the way for future investigations using tools from cognitive psychology to study increasingly capable and opaque artificial agents. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9963545 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99635452023-08-02 Using cognitive psychology to understand GPT-3 Binz, Marcel Schulz, Eric Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Social Sciences We study GPT-3, a recent large language model, using tools from cognitive psychology. More specifically, we assess GPT-3’s decision-making, information search, deliberation, and causal reasoning abilities on a battery of canonical experiments from the literature. We find that much of GPT-3’s behavior is impressive: It solves vignette-based tasks similarly or better than human subjects, is able to make decent decisions from descriptions, outperforms humans in a multiarmed bandit task, and shows signatures of model-based reinforcement learning. Yet, we also find that small perturbations to vignette-based tasks can lead GPT-3 vastly astray, that it shows no signatures of directed exploration, and that it fails miserably in a causal reasoning task. Taken together, these results enrich our understanding of current large language models and pave the way for future investigations using tools from cognitive psychology to study increasingly capable and opaque artificial agents. National Academy of Sciences 2023-02-02 2023-02-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9963545/ /pubmed/36730192 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2218523120 Text en Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Social Sciences Binz, Marcel Schulz, Eric Using cognitive psychology to understand GPT-3 |
title | Using cognitive psychology to understand GPT-3 |
title_full | Using cognitive psychology to understand GPT-3 |
title_fullStr | Using cognitive psychology to understand GPT-3 |
title_full_unstemmed | Using cognitive psychology to understand GPT-3 |
title_short | Using cognitive psychology to understand GPT-3 |
title_sort | using cognitive psychology to understand gpt-3 |
topic | Social Sciences |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9963545/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36730192 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2218523120 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT binzmarcel usingcognitivepsychologytounderstandgpt3 AT schulzeric usingcognitivepsychologytounderstandgpt3 |