Cargando…
SARS-CoV-2 Post-Infection and Sepsis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Fatal Case Report—Focus on Fungal Susceptibility and Potential Virulence Attributes
The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for approximately 6.8 million deaths worldwide, threatening more than 753 million individuals. People with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection often exhibit an immunosuppress...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9963862/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36828515 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020099 |
_version_ | 1784896360069201920 |
---|---|
author | Ramos, Lívia S. Mokus, Luca Frota, Heloisa F. Santos, Marcos V. Oliveira, Simone S. C. Oliveira, Manoel M. E. Costa, Gisela L. Alves, Ana Luísa Bernardes-Engemann, Andréa R. Orofino-Costa, Rosane Aor, Ana Carolina Branquinha, Marta H. Santos, André L. S. |
author_facet | Ramos, Lívia S. Mokus, Luca Frota, Heloisa F. Santos, Marcos V. Oliveira, Simone S. C. Oliveira, Manoel M. E. Costa, Gisela L. Alves, Ana Luísa Bernardes-Engemann, Andréa R. Orofino-Costa, Rosane Aor, Ana Carolina Branquinha, Marta H. Santos, André L. S. |
author_sort | Ramos, Lívia S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for approximately 6.8 million deaths worldwide, threatening more than 753 million individuals. People with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection often exhibit an immunosuppression condition, resulting in greater chances of developing co-infections with bacteria and fungi, including opportunistic yeasts belonging to the Saccharomyces and Candida genera. In the present work, we have reported the case of a 75-year-old woman admitted at a Brazilian university hospital with an arterial ulcer in the left foot, which was being prepared for surgical amputation. The patient presented other underlying diseases and presented positive tests for COVID-19 prior to hospitalization. She received antimicrobial treatment, but her general condition worsened quickly, leading to death by septic shock after 4 days of hospitalization. Blood samples collected on the day she died were positive for yeast-like organisms, which were later identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae by both biochemical and molecular methods. The fungal strain exhibited low minimal inhibitory concentration values for the antifungal agents tested (amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine, caspofungin, fluconazole and voriconazole), and it was able to produce important virulence factors, such as extracellular bioactive molecules (e.g., aspartic peptidase, phospholipase, esterase, phytase, catalase, hemolysin and siderophore) and biofilm. Despite the activity against planktonic cells, the antifungals were not able to impact the mature biofilm parameters (biomass and viability). Additionally, the S. cerevisiae strain caused the death of Tenebrio molitor larvae, depending on the fungal inoculum, and larvae immunosuppression with corticosteroids increased the larvae mortality rate. In conclusion, the present study highlighted the emergence of S. cerevisiae as an opportunistic fungal pathogen in immunosuppressed patients presenting several severe comorbidities, including COVID-19 infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9963862 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99638622023-02-26 SARS-CoV-2 Post-Infection and Sepsis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Fatal Case Report—Focus on Fungal Susceptibility and Potential Virulence Attributes Ramos, Lívia S. Mokus, Luca Frota, Heloisa F. Santos, Marcos V. Oliveira, Simone S. C. Oliveira, Manoel M. E. Costa, Gisela L. Alves, Ana Luísa Bernardes-Engemann, Andréa R. Orofino-Costa, Rosane Aor, Ana Carolina Branquinha, Marta H. Santos, André L. S. Trop Med Infect Dis Article The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for approximately 6.8 million deaths worldwide, threatening more than 753 million individuals. People with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection often exhibit an immunosuppression condition, resulting in greater chances of developing co-infections with bacteria and fungi, including opportunistic yeasts belonging to the Saccharomyces and Candida genera. In the present work, we have reported the case of a 75-year-old woman admitted at a Brazilian university hospital with an arterial ulcer in the left foot, which was being prepared for surgical amputation. The patient presented other underlying diseases and presented positive tests for COVID-19 prior to hospitalization. She received antimicrobial treatment, but her general condition worsened quickly, leading to death by septic shock after 4 days of hospitalization. Blood samples collected on the day she died were positive for yeast-like organisms, which were later identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae by both biochemical and molecular methods. The fungal strain exhibited low minimal inhibitory concentration values for the antifungal agents tested (amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine, caspofungin, fluconazole and voriconazole), and it was able to produce important virulence factors, such as extracellular bioactive molecules (e.g., aspartic peptidase, phospholipase, esterase, phytase, catalase, hemolysin and siderophore) and biofilm. Despite the activity against planktonic cells, the antifungals were not able to impact the mature biofilm parameters (biomass and viability). Additionally, the S. cerevisiae strain caused the death of Tenebrio molitor larvae, depending on the fungal inoculum, and larvae immunosuppression with corticosteroids increased the larvae mortality rate. In conclusion, the present study highlighted the emergence of S. cerevisiae as an opportunistic fungal pathogen in immunosuppressed patients presenting several severe comorbidities, including COVID-19 infection. MDPI 2023-02-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9963862/ /pubmed/36828515 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020099 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ramos, Lívia S. Mokus, Luca Frota, Heloisa F. Santos, Marcos V. Oliveira, Simone S. C. Oliveira, Manoel M. E. Costa, Gisela L. Alves, Ana Luísa Bernardes-Engemann, Andréa R. Orofino-Costa, Rosane Aor, Ana Carolina Branquinha, Marta H. Santos, André L. S. SARS-CoV-2 Post-Infection and Sepsis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Fatal Case Report—Focus on Fungal Susceptibility and Potential Virulence Attributes |
title | SARS-CoV-2 Post-Infection and Sepsis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Fatal Case Report—Focus on Fungal Susceptibility and Potential Virulence Attributes |
title_full | SARS-CoV-2 Post-Infection and Sepsis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Fatal Case Report—Focus on Fungal Susceptibility and Potential Virulence Attributes |
title_fullStr | SARS-CoV-2 Post-Infection and Sepsis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Fatal Case Report—Focus on Fungal Susceptibility and Potential Virulence Attributes |
title_full_unstemmed | SARS-CoV-2 Post-Infection and Sepsis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Fatal Case Report—Focus on Fungal Susceptibility and Potential Virulence Attributes |
title_short | SARS-CoV-2 Post-Infection and Sepsis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Fatal Case Report—Focus on Fungal Susceptibility and Potential Virulence Attributes |
title_sort | sars-cov-2 post-infection and sepsis by saccharomyces cerevisiae: a fatal case report—focus on fungal susceptibility and potential virulence attributes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9963862/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36828515 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020099 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ramoslivias sarscov2postinfectionandsepsisbysaccharomycescerevisiaeafatalcasereportfocusonfungalsusceptibilityandpotentialvirulenceattributes AT mokusluca sarscov2postinfectionandsepsisbysaccharomycescerevisiaeafatalcasereportfocusonfungalsusceptibilityandpotentialvirulenceattributes AT frotaheloisaf sarscov2postinfectionandsepsisbysaccharomycescerevisiaeafatalcasereportfocusonfungalsusceptibilityandpotentialvirulenceattributes AT santosmarcosv sarscov2postinfectionandsepsisbysaccharomycescerevisiaeafatalcasereportfocusonfungalsusceptibilityandpotentialvirulenceattributes AT oliveirasimonesc sarscov2postinfectionandsepsisbysaccharomycescerevisiaeafatalcasereportfocusonfungalsusceptibilityandpotentialvirulenceattributes AT oliveiramanoelme sarscov2postinfectionandsepsisbysaccharomycescerevisiaeafatalcasereportfocusonfungalsusceptibilityandpotentialvirulenceattributes AT costagiselal sarscov2postinfectionandsepsisbysaccharomycescerevisiaeafatalcasereportfocusonfungalsusceptibilityandpotentialvirulenceattributes AT alvesanaluisa sarscov2postinfectionandsepsisbysaccharomycescerevisiaeafatalcasereportfocusonfungalsusceptibilityandpotentialvirulenceattributes AT bernardesengemannandrear sarscov2postinfectionandsepsisbysaccharomycescerevisiaeafatalcasereportfocusonfungalsusceptibilityandpotentialvirulenceattributes AT orofinocostarosane sarscov2postinfectionandsepsisbysaccharomycescerevisiaeafatalcasereportfocusonfungalsusceptibilityandpotentialvirulenceattributes AT aoranacarolina sarscov2postinfectionandsepsisbysaccharomycescerevisiaeafatalcasereportfocusonfungalsusceptibilityandpotentialvirulenceattributes AT branquinhamartah sarscov2postinfectionandsepsisbysaccharomycescerevisiaeafatalcasereportfocusonfungalsusceptibilityandpotentialvirulenceattributes AT santosandrels sarscov2postinfectionandsepsisbysaccharomycescerevisiaeafatalcasereportfocusonfungalsusceptibilityandpotentialvirulenceattributes |