Potassium Dehydroandrograpolide Succinate Targets NRP1 Mediated VEGFR2/VE-Cadherin Signaling Pathway to Promote Endothelial Barrier Repair

Impairment of vascular endothelial integrity is associated with various vascular diseases. Our previous studies demonstrated that andrographolide is critical to maintaining gastric vascular homeostasis, as well as to regulating pathological vascular remodeling. Potassium dehydroandrograpolide succinate (PDA), a derivative of andrographolide, has been clinically used for the therapeutic treatment of inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to determine whether PDA promotes endothelial barrier repair in pathological vascular remodeling. Partial ligation of the carotid artery in ApoE(−/−) mice was used to evaluate whether PDA can regulate pathological vascular remodeling. A flow cytometry assay, BRDU incorporation assay, Boyden chamber cell migration assay, spheroid sprouting assay and Matrigel-based tube formation assay were performed to determine whether PDA can regulate the proliferation and motility of HUVEC. A molecular docking simulation and CO-immunoprecipitation assay were performed to observe protein interactions. We observed that PDA induced pathological vascular remodeling characterized by enhanced neointima formation. PDA treatment significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells. Investigating the potential mechanisms and signaling pathways, we observed that PDA induced endothelial NRP1 expression and activated the VEGF signaling pathway. Knockdown of NRP1 using siRNA transfection attenuated PDA-induced VEGFR2 expression. The interaction between NRP1 and VEGFR2 caused VE-Cad-dependent endothelial barrier impairment, which was characterized by enhanced vascular inflammation. Our study demonstrated that PDA plays a critical role in promoting endothelial barrier repair in pathological vascular remodeling.