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Pulsed Photothermal Radiometric Depth Profiling of Bruises by 532 nm and 1064 nm Lasers
Optical techniques are often inadequate in estimating bruise age since they are not sensitive to the depth of chromophores at the location of the bruise. To address this shortcoming, we used pulsed photothermal radiometry (PPTR) for depth profiling of bruises with two wavelengths, 532 nm (KTP laser)...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9965129/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850795 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042196 |
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author | Marin, Ana Hren, Rok Milanič, Matija |
author_facet | Marin, Ana Hren, Rok Milanič, Matija |
author_sort | Marin, Ana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Optical techniques are often inadequate in estimating bruise age since they are not sensitive to the depth of chromophores at the location of the bruise. To address this shortcoming, we used pulsed photothermal radiometry (PPTR) for depth profiling of bruises with two wavelengths, 532 nm (KTP laser) and 1064 nm (Nd:YAG laser). Six volunteers with eight bruises of exactly known and documented times of injury were enrolled in the study. A homogeneous part of the bruise was irradiated first with a 5 ms pulse at 532 nm and then with a 5 ms pulse at 1064 nm. The resulting transient surface temperature change was collected with a fast IR camera. The initial temperature–depth profiles were reconstructed by solving the ill-posed inverse problem using a custom reconstruction algorithm. The PPTR signals and reconstructed initial temperature profiles showed that the 532 nm wavelength probed the shallow skin layers revealing moderate changes during bruise development, while the 1064 nm wavelength provided additional information for severe bruises, in which swelling was present. Our two-wavelength approach has the potential for an improved estimation of the bruise age, especially if combined with modeling of bruise dynamics. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9965129 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99651292023-02-26 Pulsed Photothermal Radiometric Depth Profiling of Bruises by 532 nm and 1064 nm Lasers Marin, Ana Hren, Rok Milanič, Matija Sensors (Basel) Article Optical techniques are often inadequate in estimating bruise age since they are not sensitive to the depth of chromophores at the location of the bruise. To address this shortcoming, we used pulsed photothermal radiometry (PPTR) for depth profiling of bruises with two wavelengths, 532 nm (KTP laser) and 1064 nm (Nd:YAG laser). Six volunteers with eight bruises of exactly known and documented times of injury were enrolled in the study. A homogeneous part of the bruise was irradiated first with a 5 ms pulse at 532 nm and then with a 5 ms pulse at 1064 nm. The resulting transient surface temperature change was collected with a fast IR camera. The initial temperature–depth profiles were reconstructed by solving the ill-posed inverse problem using a custom reconstruction algorithm. The PPTR signals and reconstructed initial temperature profiles showed that the 532 nm wavelength probed the shallow skin layers revealing moderate changes during bruise development, while the 1064 nm wavelength provided additional information for severe bruises, in which swelling was present. Our two-wavelength approach has the potential for an improved estimation of the bruise age, especially if combined with modeling of bruise dynamics. MDPI 2023-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9965129/ /pubmed/36850795 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042196 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Marin, Ana Hren, Rok Milanič, Matija Pulsed Photothermal Radiometric Depth Profiling of Bruises by 532 nm and 1064 nm Lasers |
title | Pulsed Photothermal Radiometric Depth Profiling of Bruises by 532 nm and 1064 nm Lasers |
title_full | Pulsed Photothermal Radiometric Depth Profiling of Bruises by 532 nm and 1064 nm Lasers |
title_fullStr | Pulsed Photothermal Radiometric Depth Profiling of Bruises by 532 nm and 1064 nm Lasers |
title_full_unstemmed | Pulsed Photothermal Radiometric Depth Profiling of Bruises by 532 nm and 1064 nm Lasers |
title_short | Pulsed Photothermal Radiometric Depth Profiling of Bruises by 532 nm and 1064 nm Lasers |
title_sort | pulsed photothermal radiometric depth profiling of bruises by 532 nm and 1064 nm lasers |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9965129/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36850795 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042196 |
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