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Diversity and Composition of Culturable Microorganisms and Their Biodeterioration Potentials in the Sandstone of Beishiku Temple, China

Microbial colonization on stone monuments leads to subsequent biodeterioration; determining the microbe diversity, compositions, and metabolic capacities is essential for understanding biodeterioration mechanisms and undertaking heritage management. Here, samples of epilithic biofilm and naturally w...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Yong, Su, Min, Wu, Fasi, Gu, Ji-Dong, Li, Jie, He, Dongpeng, Guo, Qinglin, Cui, Huiping, Zhang, Qi, Feng, Huyuan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9965415/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36838394
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020429
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author Zhang, Yong
Su, Min
Wu, Fasi
Gu, Ji-Dong
Li, Jie
He, Dongpeng
Guo, Qinglin
Cui, Huiping
Zhang, Qi
Feng, Huyuan
author_facet Zhang, Yong
Su, Min
Wu, Fasi
Gu, Ji-Dong
Li, Jie
He, Dongpeng
Guo, Qinglin
Cui, Huiping
Zhang, Qi
Feng, Huyuan
author_sort Zhang, Yong
collection PubMed
description Microbial colonization on stone monuments leads to subsequent biodeterioration; determining the microbe diversity, compositions, and metabolic capacities is essential for understanding biodeterioration mechanisms and undertaking heritage management. Here, samples of epilithic biofilm and naturally weathered and exfoliated sandstone particles from different locations at the Beishiku Temple were collected to investigate bacterial and fungal community diversity and structure using a culture-based method. The biodeterioration potential of isolated fungal strains was analyzed in terms of pigmentation, calcite dissolution, organic acids, biomineralization ability, and biocide susceptibility. The results showed that the diversities and communities of bacteria and fungi differed for the different sample types from different locations. The population of culturable microorganisms in biofilm samples was more abundant than that present in the samples exposed to natural weathering. The environmental temperature, relative humidity, and pH were closely related to the variation in and distribution of microbial communities. Fungal biodeterioration tests showed that isolated strains four and five were pigment producers and capable of dissolving carbonates, respectively. Their biomineralization through the precipitation of calcium oxalate and calcite carbonate could be potentially applied as a biotechnology for stone heritage consolidation and the mitigation of weathering for monuments. This study adds to our understanding of culturable microbial communities and the bioprotection potential of fungal biomineralization.
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spelling pubmed-99654152023-02-26 Diversity and Composition of Culturable Microorganisms and Their Biodeterioration Potentials in the Sandstone of Beishiku Temple, China Zhang, Yong Su, Min Wu, Fasi Gu, Ji-Dong Li, Jie He, Dongpeng Guo, Qinglin Cui, Huiping Zhang, Qi Feng, Huyuan Microorganisms Article Microbial colonization on stone monuments leads to subsequent biodeterioration; determining the microbe diversity, compositions, and metabolic capacities is essential for understanding biodeterioration mechanisms and undertaking heritage management. Here, samples of epilithic biofilm and naturally weathered and exfoliated sandstone particles from different locations at the Beishiku Temple were collected to investigate bacterial and fungal community diversity and structure using a culture-based method. The biodeterioration potential of isolated fungal strains was analyzed in terms of pigmentation, calcite dissolution, organic acids, biomineralization ability, and biocide susceptibility. The results showed that the diversities and communities of bacteria and fungi differed for the different sample types from different locations. The population of culturable microorganisms in biofilm samples was more abundant than that present in the samples exposed to natural weathering. The environmental temperature, relative humidity, and pH were closely related to the variation in and distribution of microbial communities. Fungal biodeterioration tests showed that isolated strains four and five were pigment producers and capable of dissolving carbonates, respectively. Their biomineralization through the precipitation of calcium oxalate and calcite carbonate could be potentially applied as a biotechnology for stone heritage consolidation and the mitigation of weathering for monuments. This study adds to our understanding of culturable microbial communities and the bioprotection potential of fungal biomineralization. MDPI 2023-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9965415/ /pubmed/36838394 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020429 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zhang, Yong
Su, Min
Wu, Fasi
Gu, Ji-Dong
Li, Jie
He, Dongpeng
Guo, Qinglin
Cui, Huiping
Zhang, Qi
Feng, Huyuan
Diversity and Composition of Culturable Microorganisms and Their Biodeterioration Potentials in the Sandstone of Beishiku Temple, China
title Diversity and Composition of Culturable Microorganisms and Their Biodeterioration Potentials in the Sandstone of Beishiku Temple, China
title_full Diversity and Composition of Culturable Microorganisms and Their Biodeterioration Potentials in the Sandstone of Beishiku Temple, China
title_fullStr Diversity and Composition of Culturable Microorganisms and Their Biodeterioration Potentials in the Sandstone of Beishiku Temple, China
title_full_unstemmed Diversity and Composition of Culturable Microorganisms and Their Biodeterioration Potentials in the Sandstone of Beishiku Temple, China
title_short Diversity and Composition of Culturable Microorganisms and Their Biodeterioration Potentials in the Sandstone of Beishiku Temple, China
title_sort diversity and composition of culturable microorganisms and their biodeterioration potentials in the sandstone of beishiku temple, china
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9965415/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36838394
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020429
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