Characterization of Ruddlesden-Popper La(2−x)Ba(x)NiO(4±δ) Nickelates as Potential Electrocatalysts for Solid Oxide Cells

Ruddlesden-Popper La(2−x)Ba(x)NiO(4±δ) (x = 0–1.1) nickelates were prepared by a glycine-nitrate combustion route combined with high-temperature processing and evaluated for potential application as electrocatalysts for solid oxide cells and electrochemical NO(x) elimination. The characterization included structural, microstructural and dilatometric studies, determination of oxygen nonstoichiometry, measurements of electrical conductivity and oxygen permeability, and assessment of chemical compatibility with other materials. The formation range of phase-pure solid solutions was found to be limited to x = 0.5. Exceeding this limit leads to the co-existence of the main nickelate phase with low-melting Ba- and Ni-based secondary phases responsible for a strong reactivity with Pt components in experimental cells. Acceptor-type substitution of lanthanum by barium in La(2−x)Ba(x)NiO(4+δ) is charge-compensated by decreasing oxygen excess, from δ ≈ 0.1 for x = 0 to nearly oxygen-stoichiometric state for x = 0.5 at 800 °C in air, and generation of electron-holes (formation of Ni(3+)). This leads to an increase in p-type electronic conductivity (up to ~80 S/cm for highly porous La(1.5)Ba(0.5)NiO(4+δ) ceramics at 450–900 °C) and a decline of oxygen-ionic transport. La(2−x)Ba(x)NiO(4+δ) (x = 0–0.5) ceramics exhibit moderate thermal expansion coefficients, 13.8–14.3 ppm/K at 25–1000 °C in air. These ceramic materials react with yttria-stabilized zirconia at 700 °C with the formation of an insulating La(2)Zr(2)O(7) phase but show good chemical compatibility with BaZr(0.85)Y(0.15)O(3−δ) solid electrolyte.