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Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Neutralization and Novel mAb Reveal Protection against Omicron

New variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to emerge and evade immunity. We isolated SARS-CoV-2 temporally across the pandemic starting with the first emergence of the virus in the western hemisphere and evaluated the immune escape among variants. A clinic-to-lab viral isolation and characterization pipeli...

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Autores principales: Hao, Linhui, Hsiang, Tien-Ying, Dalmat, Ronit R., Ireton, Renee, Morton, Jennifer F., Stokes, Caleb, Netland, Jason, Hale, Malika, Thouvenel, Chris, Wald, Anna, Franko, Nicholas M., Huden, Kristen, Chu, Helen Y., Sigal, Alex, Greninger, Alex L., Tilles, Sasha, Barrett, Lynn K., Van Voorhis, Wesley C., Munt, Jennifer, Scobey, Trevor, Baric, Ralph S., Rawlings, David J., Pepper, Marion, Drain, Paul K., Gale, Michael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9965505/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851745
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020530
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author Hao, Linhui
Hsiang, Tien-Ying
Dalmat, Ronit R.
Ireton, Renee
Morton, Jennifer F.
Stokes, Caleb
Netland, Jason
Hale, Malika
Thouvenel, Chris
Wald, Anna
Franko, Nicholas M.
Huden, Kristen
Chu, Helen Y.
Sigal, Alex
Greninger, Alex L.
Tilles, Sasha
Barrett, Lynn K.
Van Voorhis, Wesley C.
Munt, Jennifer
Scobey, Trevor
Baric, Ralph S.
Rawlings, David J.
Pepper, Marion
Drain, Paul K.
Gale, Michael
author_facet Hao, Linhui
Hsiang, Tien-Ying
Dalmat, Ronit R.
Ireton, Renee
Morton, Jennifer F.
Stokes, Caleb
Netland, Jason
Hale, Malika
Thouvenel, Chris
Wald, Anna
Franko, Nicholas M.
Huden, Kristen
Chu, Helen Y.
Sigal, Alex
Greninger, Alex L.
Tilles, Sasha
Barrett, Lynn K.
Van Voorhis, Wesley C.
Munt, Jennifer
Scobey, Trevor
Baric, Ralph S.
Rawlings, David J.
Pepper, Marion
Drain, Paul K.
Gale, Michael
author_sort Hao, Linhui
collection PubMed
description New variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to emerge and evade immunity. We isolated SARS-CoV-2 temporally across the pandemic starting with the first emergence of the virus in the western hemisphere and evaluated the immune escape among variants. A clinic-to-lab viral isolation and characterization pipeline was established to rapidly isolate, sequence, and characterize SARS-CoV-2 variants. A virus neutralization assay was applied to quantitate humoral immunity from infection and/or vaccination. A panel of novel monoclonal antibodies was evaluated for antiviral efficacy. We directly compared all variants, showing that convalescence greater than 5 months post-symptom onset from ancestral virus provides little protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Vaccination enhances immunity against viral variants, except for Omicron BA.1, while a three-dose vaccine regimen provides over 50-fold enhanced protection against Omicron BA.1 compared to a two-dose. A novel Mab neutralizes Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants better than the clinically approved Mabs, although neither can neutralize Omicron BA.4 or BA.5. Thus, the need remains for continued vaccination-booster efforts, with innovation for vaccine and Mab improvement for broadly neutralizing activity. The usefulness of specific Mab applications links with the window of clinical opportunity when a cognate viral variant is present in the infected population.
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spelling pubmed-99655052023-02-26 Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Neutralization and Novel mAb Reveal Protection against Omicron Hao, Linhui Hsiang, Tien-Ying Dalmat, Ronit R. Ireton, Renee Morton, Jennifer F. Stokes, Caleb Netland, Jason Hale, Malika Thouvenel, Chris Wald, Anna Franko, Nicholas M. Huden, Kristen Chu, Helen Y. Sigal, Alex Greninger, Alex L. Tilles, Sasha Barrett, Lynn K. Van Voorhis, Wesley C. Munt, Jennifer Scobey, Trevor Baric, Ralph S. Rawlings, David J. Pepper, Marion Drain, Paul K. Gale, Michael Viruses Article New variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to emerge and evade immunity. We isolated SARS-CoV-2 temporally across the pandemic starting with the first emergence of the virus in the western hemisphere and evaluated the immune escape among variants. A clinic-to-lab viral isolation and characterization pipeline was established to rapidly isolate, sequence, and characterize SARS-CoV-2 variants. A virus neutralization assay was applied to quantitate humoral immunity from infection and/or vaccination. A panel of novel monoclonal antibodies was evaluated for antiviral efficacy. We directly compared all variants, showing that convalescence greater than 5 months post-symptom onset from ancestral virus provides little protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Vaccination enhances immunity against viral variants, except for Omicron BA.1, while a three-dose vaccine regimen provides over 50-fold enhanced protection against Omicron BA.1 compared to a two-dose. A novel Mab neutralizes Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants better than the clinically approved Mabs, although neither can neutralize Omicron BA.4 or BA.5. Thus, the need remains for continued vaccination-booster efforts, with innovation for vaccine and Mab improvement for broadly neutralizing activity. The usefulness of specific Mab applications links with the window of clinical opportunity when a cognate viral variant is present in the infected population. MDPI 2023-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9965505/ /pubmed/36851745 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020530 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hao, Linhui
Hsiang, Tien-Ying
Dalmat, Ronit R.
Ireton, Renee
Morton, Jennifer F.
Stokes, Caleb
Netland, Jason
Hale, Malika
Thouvenel, Chris
Wald, Anna
Franko, Nicholas M.
Huden, Kristen
Chu, Helen Y.
Sigal, Alex
Greninger, Alex L.
Tilles, Sasha
Barrett, Lynn K.
Van Voorhis, Wesley C.
Munt, Jennifer
Scobey, Trevor
Baric, Ralph S.
Rawlings, David J.
Pepper, Marion
Drain, Paul K.
Gale, Michael
Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Neutralization and Novel mAb Reveal Protection against Omicron
title Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Neutralization and Novel mAb Reveal Protection against Omicron
title_full Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Neutralization and Novel mAb Reveal Protection against Omicron
title_fullStr Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Neutralization and Novel mAb Reveal Protection against Omicron
title_full_unstemmed Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Neutralization and Novel mAb Reveal Protection against Omicron
title_short Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Neutralization and Novel mAb Reveal Protection against Omicron
title_sort dynamics of sars-cov-2 voc neutralization and novel mab reveal protection against omicron
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9965505/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851745
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020530
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