Demagnetization Fault Diagnosis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Stator Current Signal Processing and Machine Learning Algorithms

Reliable fault diagnosis and condition monitoring are essential for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems with high-reliability requirements. PMSMs can be subject to various types of damage during operation. Magnetic damage is a unique fault of PMSM and concerns the permanent magnet (PM) of the rotor. PM damage may be mechanical in nature or be related to the phenomenon of demagnetization. This article presents a machine learning (ML) based demagnetization fault diagnosis method for PMSM drives. The time-frequency domain analysis based on short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is applied in the process of PM fault feature extraction from the stator phase current signal. Moreover, two ML-based models are verified and compared in the process of the automatic fault detection of demagnetization fault. These models are k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and multiLayer perceptron (MLP). The influence of the input vector elements, key parameters and structures of the models used on their effectiveness is extensively analyzed. The results of the experimental verification confirm the very high effectiveness of the proposed method.