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The Burden of Pneumocystis Pneumonia Infection among HIV Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a leading cause of death among patients with AIDS worldwide, but its burden is difficult to estimate in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. This systematic review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of PCP in Ethiopia, the second most densely pop...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9965859/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36828530 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020114 |
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author | Gelaw, Yared Mulu Guracho, Yonas Deressa Robert-Gangneux, Florence Alene, Getu Degu Gangneux, Jean-Pierre |
author_facet | Gelaw, Yared Mulu Guracho, Yonas Deressa Robert-Gangneux, Florence Alene, Getu Degu Gangneux, Jean-Pierre |
author_sort | Gelaw, Yared Mulu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a leading cause of death among patients with AIDS worldwide, but its burden is difficult to estimate in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. This systematic review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of PCP in Ethiopia, the second most densely populated African country. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used to review published and unpublished studies conducted in Ethiopia. Studies that reported on the prevalence of PCP among HIV-infected patients were searched systematically. Variations between the studies were assessed by using forest plot and I-squared heterogeneity tests. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were carried out when I2 > 50. The pooled estimate prevalence with 95% CI was computed using a random-effects model of analysis. Thirteen articles, comprising studies of 4847 individuals living with HIV, were included for analysis. The pooled prevalence of PCP was 5.65% (95% CI [3.74–7.56]) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 93.6%, p < 0.01). To identify the source of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were conducted by study design, geographical region, diagnosis methods, and year of publication. PCP prevalence differed significantly when biological diagnostic methods were used (32.25%), in studies published before 2010 (32.51%), in cross-sectional studies (8.08%), and in Addis Ababa (14.05%). PCP prevalence differences of 3.25%, 3.07%, 3.23%, and 2.29% were recorded in studies based on clinical records, published since 2017, follow-up studies, and north-west Ethiopian studies, respectively. The prevalence of PCP is probably underestimated, as the reports were mainly based on clinical records. An expansion of biological diagnostic methods could make it possible to estimate the exact burden of PCP in Ethiopia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9965859 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99658592023-02-26 The Burden of Pneumocystis Pneumonia Infection among HIV Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review Gelaw, Yared Mulu Guracho, Yonas Deressa Robert-Gangneux, Florence Alene, Getu Degu Gangneux, Jean-Pierre Trop Med Infect Dis Review Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a leading cause of death among patients with AIDS worldwide, but its burden is difficult to estimate in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. This systematic review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of PCP in Ethiopia, the second most densely populated African country. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used to review published and unpublished studies conducted in Ethiopia. Studies that reported on the prevalence of PCP among HIV-infected patients were searched systematically. Variations between the studies were assessed by using forest plot and I-squared heterogeneity tests. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were carried out when I2 > 50. The pooled estimate prevalence with 95% CI was computed using a random-effects model of analysis. Thirteen articles, comprising studies of 4847 individuals living with HIV, were included for analysis. The pooled prevalence of PCP was 5.65% (95% CI [3.74–7.56]) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 93.6%, p < 0.01). To identify the source of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were conducted by study design, geographical region, diagnosis methods, and year of publication. PCP prevalence differed significantly when biological diagnostic methods were used (32.25%), in studies published before 2010 (32.51%), in cross-sectional studies (8.08%), and in Addis Ababa (14.05%). PCP prevalence differences of 3.25%, 3.07%, 3.23%, and 2.29% were recorded in studies based on clinical records, published since 2017, follow-up studies, and north-west Ethiopian studies, respectively. The prevalence of PCP is probably underestimated, as the reports were mainly based on clinical records. An expansion of biological diagnostic methods could make it possible to estimate the exact burden of PCP in Ethiopia. MDPI 2023-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9965859/ /pubmed/36828530 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020114 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Gelaw, Yared Mulu Guracho, Yonas Deressa Robert-Gangneux, Florence Alene, Getu Degu Gangneux, Jean-Pierre The Burden of Pneumocystis Pneumonia Infection among HIV Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review |
title | The Burden of Pneumocystis Pneumonia Infection among HIV Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review |
title_full | The Burden of Pneumocystis Pneumonia Infection among HIV Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review |
title_fullStr | The Burden of Pneumocystis Pneumonia Infection among HIV Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review |
title_full_unstemmed | The Burden of Pneumocystis Pneumonia Infection among HIV Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review |
title_short | The Burden of Pneumocystis Pneumonia Infection among HIV Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review |
title_sort | burden of pneumocystis pneumonia infection among hiv patients in ethiopia: a systematic review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9965859/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36828530 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020114 |
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