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Low-Dose Atropine Induces Changes in Ocular Biometrics in Myopic Children: Exploring Temporal Changes by Linear Mixed Models and Contribution to Treatment Effect by Mediation Analyses
This study aimed to investigate changes in non-cycloplegic ocular biometrics during the initial six months of treatment with a 0.1% atropine loading dose and 0.01% atropine compared with a placebo and analyze their contribution to the treatment effect on cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) progres...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9966043/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36836139 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041605 |
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author | Hvid-Hansen, Anders Jacobsen, Nina Hjortdal, Jesper Møller, Flemming Ozenne, Brice Kessel, Line |
author_facet | Hvid-Hansen, Anders Jacobsen, Nina Hjortdal, Jesper Møller, Flemming Ozenne, Brice Kessel, Line |
author_sort | Hvid-Hansen, Anders |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study aimed to investigate changes in non-cycloplegic ocular biometrics during the initial six months of treatment with a 0.1% atropine loading dose and 0.01% atropine compared with a placebo and analyze their contribution to the treatment effect on cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) progression. The study was based on a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluating a 0.1% atropine six-month loading dose and 0.01% atropine in reducing myopic progression in Danish children. The treatment phase was 24 months, and the washout phase was 12 months. Parameters measured included changes in axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), vitreous chamber depth (VCD), and choroidal thickness (ChT), while cycloplegic SE and lens power were calculated. Longitudinal changes and contributions to treatment effects were analyzed using constrained linear mixed models and mediation analyses, respectively. After six months, AL was 0.13 mm shorter (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.18 to −0.07 [adjusted p < 0.001]) and 0.06 mm shorter (95% CI, −0.11 to −0.01 [adjusted p = 0.060]) with a 0.1% atropine loading dose and 0.01% atropine, respectively, compared to the placebo group. Similar concentration-dependent changes were found with ACD, LT, VCD, ChT, and cycloplegic SE. Although the treatment effects trended toward concentration-dependent responses, only the treatment effect mediated by AL at three months differed significantly between 0.01% atropine and a 0.1% atropine loading dose (adjusted p = 0.023). Several ocular biometrics, including AL, ACD, and LT, changed dose-dependently during low-dose atropine treatment. Moreover, the treatment effect of atropine on SE progression was mediated by a subset of ocular biometrics, mainly AL, with trends toward concentration dependency and distributional shifts over time. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9966043 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99660432023-02-26 Low-Dose Atropine Induces Changes in Ocular Biometrics in Myopic Children: Exploring Temporal Changes by Linear Mixed Models and Contribution to Treatment Effect by Mediation Analyses Hvid-Hansen, Anders Jacobsen, Nina Hjortdal, Jesper Møller, Flemming Ozenne, Brice Kessel, Line J Clin Med Article This study aimed to investigate changes in non-cycloplegic ocular biometrics during the initial six months of treatment with a 0.1% atropine loading dose and 0.01% atropine compared with a placebo and analyze their contribution to the treatment effect on cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) progression. The study was based on a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluating a 0.1% atropine six-month loading dose and 0.01% atropine in reducing myopic progression in Danish children. The treatment phase was 24 months, and the washout phase was 12 months. Parameters measured included changes in axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), vitreous chamber depth (VCD), and choroidal thickness (ChT), while cycloplegic SE and lens power were calculated. Longitudinal changes and contributions to treatment effects were analyzed using constrained linear mixed models and mediation analyses, respectively. After six months, AL was 0.13 mm shorter (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.18 to −0.07 [adjusted p < 0.001]) and 0.06 mm shorter (95% CI, −0.11 to −0.01 [adjusted p = 0.060]) with a 0.1% atropine loading dose and 0.01% atropine, respectively, compared to the placebo group. Similar concentration-dependent changes were found with ACD, LT, VCD, ChT, and cycloplegic SE. Although the treatment effects trended toward concentration-dependent responses, only the treatment effect mediated by AL at three months differed significantly between 0.01% atropine and a 0.1% atropine loading dose (adjusted p = 0.023). Several ocular biometrics, including AL, ACD, and LT, changed dose-dependently during low-dose atropine treatment. Moreover, the treatment effect of atropine on SE progression was mediated by a subset of ocular biometrics, mainly AL, with trends toward concentration dependency and distributional shifts over time. MDPI 2023-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9966043/ /pubmed/36836139 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041605 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hvid-Hansen, Anders Jacobsen, Nina Hjortdal, Jesper Møller, Flemming Ozenne, Brice Kessel, Line Low-Dose Atropine Induces Changes in Ocular Biometrics in Myopic Children: Exploring Temporal Changes by Linear Mixed Models and Contribution to Treatment Effect by Mediation Analyses |
title | Low-Dose Atropine Induces Changes in Ocular Biometrics in Myopic Children: Exploring Temporal Changes by Linear Mixed Models and Contribution to Treatment Effect by Mediation Analyses |
title_full | Low-Dose Atropine Induces Changes in Ocular Biometrics in Myopic Children: Exploring Temporal Changes by Linear Mixed Models and Contribution to Treatment Effect by Mediation Analyses |
title_fullStr | Low-Dose Atropine Induces Changes in Ocular Biometrics in Myopic Children: Exploring Temporal Changes by Linear Mixed Models and Contribution to Treatment Effect by Mediation Analyses |
title_full_unstemmed | Low-Dose Atropine Induces Changes in Ocular Biometrics in Myopic Children: Exploring Temporal Changes by Linear Mixed Models and Contribution to Treatment Effect by Mediation Analyses |
title_short | Low-Dose Atropine Induces Changes in Ocular Biometrics in Myopic Children: Exploring Temporal Changes by Linear Mixed Models and Contribution to Treatment Effect by Mediation Analyses |
title_sort | low-dose atropine induces changes in ocular biometrics in myopic children: exploring temporal changes by linear mixed models and contribution to treatment effect by mediation analyses |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9966043/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36836139 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041605 |
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