Cargando…

Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Classical Swine Fever in Ecuador

Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important re-emergent swine diseases worldwide. Despite concerted control efforts in the Andean countries, the disease remains endemic in several areas, limiting production and trade opportunities. In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors a...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Acosta, Alfredo, Dietze, Klaas, Baquero, Oswaldo, Osowski, Germana Vizzotto, Imbacuan, Christian, Burbano, Alexandra, Ferreira, Fernando, Depner, Klaus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9966056/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851503
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020288
_version_ 1784896921099304960
author Acosta, Alfredo
Dietze, Klaas
Baquero, Oswaldo
Osowski, Germana Vizzotto
Imbacuan, Christian
Burbano, Alexandra
Ferreira, Fernando
Depner, Klaus
author_facet Acosta, Alfredo
Dietze, Klaas
Baquero, Oswaldo
Osowski, Germana Vizzotto
Imbacuan, Christian
Burbano, Alexandra
Ferreira, Fernando
Depner, Klaus
author_sort Acosta, Alfredo
collection PubMed
description Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important re-emergent swine diseases worldwide. Despite concerted control efforts in the Andean countries, the disease remains endemic in several areas, limiting production and trade opportunities. In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors and spatiotemporal implications associated with CSF in Ecuador. We analysed passive surveillance and vaccination campaign datasets from 2014 to 2020; Then, we structured a herd-level case–control study using a logistic and spatiotemporal Bayesian model. The results showed that the risk factors that increased the odds of CSF occurrence were the following: swill feeding (OR 8.53), time until notification (OR 2.44), introduction of new pigs during last month (OR 2.01) and lack of vaccination against CSF (OR 1.82). The spatiotemporal model showed that vaccination reduces the risk by 33%. According to the priority index, the intervention should focus on Morona Santiago and Los Rios provinces. In conclusion, the results highlight the complexity of the CSF control programs, the importance to improve the overall surveillance system and the need to inform decision-makers and stakeholders.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9966056
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-99660562023-02-26 Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Classical Swine Fever in Ecuador Acosta, Alfredo Dietze, Klaas Baquero, Oswaldo Osowski, Germana Vizzotto Imbacuan, Christian Burbano, Alexandra Ferreira, Fernando Depner, Klaus Viruses Article Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important re-emergent swine diseases worldwide. Despite concerted control efforts in the Andean countries, the disease remains endemic in several areas, limiting production and trade opportunities. In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors and spatiotemporal implications associated with CSF in Ecuador. We analysed passive surveillance and vaccination campaign datasets from 2014 to 2020; Then, we structured a herd-level case–control study using a logistic and spatiotemporal Bayesian model. The results showed that the risk factors that increased the odds of CSF occurrence were the following: swill feeding (OR 8.53), time until notification (OR 2.44), introduction of new pigs during last month (OR 2.01) and lack of vaccination against CSF (OR 1.82). The spatiotemporal model showed that vaccination reduces the risk by 33%. According to the priority index, the intervention should focus on Morona Santiago and Los Rios provinces. In conclusion, the results highlight the complexity of the CSF control programs, the importance to improve the overall surveillance system and the need to inform decision-makers and stakeholders. MDPI 2023-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9966056/ /pubmed/36851503 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020288 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Acosta, Alfredo
Dietze, Klaas
Baquero, Oswaldo
Osowski, Germana Vizzotto
Imbacuan, Christian
Burbano, Alexandra
Ferreira, Fernando
Depner, Klaus
Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Classical Swine Fever in Ecuador
title Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Classical Swine Fever in Ecuador
title_full Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Classical Swine Fever in Ecuador
title_fullStr Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Classical Swine Fever in Ecuador
title_full_unstemmed Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Classical Swine Fever in Ecuador
title_short Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Classical Swine Fever in Ecuador
title_sort risk factors and spatiotemporal analysis of classical swine fever in ecuador
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9966056/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851503
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020288
work_keys_str_mv AT acostaalfredo riskfactorsandspatiotemporalanalysisofclassicalswinefeverinecuador
AT dietzeklaas riskfactorsandspatiotemporalanalysisofclassicalswinefeverinecuador
AT baquerooswaldo riskfactorsandspatiotemporalanalysisofclassicalswinefeverinecuador
AT osowskigermanavizzotto riskfactorsandspatiotemporalanalysisofclassicalswinefeverinecuador
AT imbacuanchristian riskfactorsandspatiotemporalanalysisofclassicalswinefeverinecuador
AT burbanoalexandra riskfactorsandspatiotemporalanalysisofclassicalswinefeverinecuador
AT ferreirafernando riskfactorsandspatiotemporalanalysisofclassicalswinefeverinecuador
AT depnerklaus riskfactorsandspatiotemporalanalysisofclassicalswinefeverinecuador