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Applicability of Different Methods for Quantifying Virucidal Efficacy Using MENNO Florades and Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus as an Example
After entry of a quarantine/regulated pathogen, infected plants shall be destroyed, and the cultivated area (e.g., greenhouse) shall be disinfected. Therefore, the selection of an effective disinfectant plays an important role. With the availability of different methods for virus quantification, we...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9966202/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36840244 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040894 |
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author | Nourinejhad Zarghani, Shaheen Ehlers, Jens Monavari, Mehran von Bargen, Susanne Hamacher, Joachim Büttner, Carmen Bandte, Martina |
author_facet | Nourinejhad Zarghani, Shaheen Ehlers, Jens Monavari, Mehran von Bargen, Susanne Hamacher, Joachim Büttner, Carmen Bandte, Martina |
author_sort | Nourinejhad Zarghani, Shaheen |
collection | PubMed |
description | After entry of a quarantine/regulated pathogen, infected plants shall be destroyed, and the cultivated area (e.g., greenhouse) shall be disinfected. Therefore, the selection of an effective disinfectant plays an important role. With the availability of different methods for virus quantification, we investigated the application of quantitative ELISA (qELISA), RT-qPCR (reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction), and bioassays for the quantification of disinfectant efficacy. Therefore, we estimated the titer reduction in tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), a regulated pathogen, in plant sap and on germ carriers after treatment with MENNO Florades 4% for 16 h. The virus load before and after the treatment was measured with the mentioned methods. The RT-qPCR and qELISA methods showed very low efficacy in the presence of the disinfectant. Although bioassays are time-consuming, need purified particles for establishing the quantification models, and are less sensitive than RT-qPCR, they were able to quantify the differences in virus titer in the presence/absence of disinfectant. Interestingly, the bioassays reached at least the lower limit sensitivity of a qELISA. By being less sensitive to the presence of the disinfectant, bioassays proved to be the only technique for the determination of the disinfectant efficacy against ToBRFV on different germ carriers as well as on virus-infected plant sap. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9966202 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99662022023-02-26 Applicability of Different Methods for Quantifying Virucidal Efficacy Using MENNO Florades and Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus as an Example Nourinejhad Zarghani, Shaheen Ehlers, Jens Monavari, Mehran von Bargen, Susanne Hamacher, Joachim Büttner, Carmen Bandte, Martina Plants (Basel) Article After entry of a quarantine/regulated pathogen, infected plants shall be destroyed, and the cultivated area (e.g., greenhouse) shall be disinfected. Therefore, the selection of an effective disinfectant plays an important role. With the availability of different methods for virus quantification, we investigated the application of quantitative ELISA (qELISA), RT-qPCR (reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction), and bioassays for the quantification of disinfectant efficacy. Therefore, we estimated the titer reduction in tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), a regulated pathogen, in plant sap and on germ carriers after treatment with MENNO Florades 4% for 16 h. The virus load before and after the treatment was measured with the mentioned methods. The RT-qPCR and qELISA methods showed very low efficacy in the presence of the disinfectant. Although bioassays are time-consuming, need purified particles for establishing the quantification models, and are less sensitive than RT-qPCR, they were able to quantify the differences in virus titer in the presence/absence of disinfectant. Interestingly, the bioassays reached at least the lower limit sensitivity of a qELISA. By being less sensitive to the presence of the disinfectant, bioassays proved to be the only technique for the determination of the disinfectant efficacy against ToBRFV on different germ carriers as well as on virus-infected plant sap. MDPI 2023-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9966202/ /pubmed/36840244 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040894 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Nourinejhad Zarghani, Shaheen Ehlers, Jens Monavari, Mehran von Bargen, Susanne Hamacher, Joachim Büttner, Carmen Bandte, Martina Applicability of Different Methods for Quantifying Virucidal Efficacy Using MENNO Florades and Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus as an Example |
title | Applicability of Different Methods for Quantifying Virucidal Efficacy Using MENNO Florades and Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus as an Example |
title_full | Applicability of Different Methods for Quantifying Virucidal Efficacy Using MENNO Florades and Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus as an Example |
title_fullStr | Applicability of Different Methods for Quantifying Virucidal Efficacy Using MENNO Florades and Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus as an Example |
title_full_unstemmed | Applicability of Different Methods for Quantifying Virucidal Efficacy Using MENNO Florades and Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus as an Example |
title_short | Applicability of Different Methods for Quantifying Virucidal Efficacy Using MENNO Florades and Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus as an Example |
title_sort | applicability of different methods for quantifying virucidal efficacy using menno florades and tomato brown rugose fruit virus as an example |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9966202/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36840244 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040894 |
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