A Rare Triploid Involving the Coexistence of Glioblastoma Multiforme, Arteriovenous Malformation and Intracranial Aneurysm: Illustrative Case and Literature Review

The coexistence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is rarely reported in the literature. According to the present literature, these GBM or glioma-related vascular malformations may present simultaneously in distinct regions of the brain or occur in the same area but at different times. So far, these distinct hypervascular glioblastomas have been described but are not classified as a separate pathological entities. Considering their heterogeneity and complexity, all the above mentioned cases remain challenging in diagnosis and therapeutic modality. Likewise, there is a paucity of data surrounding the simultaneous presentation of GBM with intracranial aneurysms. In the literature, the independent concurrence of these three intracranial lesions has never been reported. In this article, we present a case who suffered from intermittent headaches and dizziness initially and further radiographic examination revealed an internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm that occurred in the patient with coexisting GBM and AVM. Surgical intervention for tumor and AVM removal was performed smoothly. This patient underwent endovascular coiling for the ICA aneurysm 4 months postoperatively. In addition, we also review the current literature relating to this rare combination of medical conditions.