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Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the main microvascular complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sometimes, this could already be present at the time of diagnosis for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while it appears in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) almost 10 year...

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Autores principales: Galiero, Raffaele, Caturano, Alfredo, Vetrano, Erica, Beccia, Domenico, Brin, Chiara, Alfano, Maria, Di Salvo, Jessica, Epifani, Raffaella, Piacevole, Alessia, Tagliaferri, Giuseppina, Rocco, Maria, Iadicicco, Ilaria, Docimo, Giovanni, Rinaldi, Luca, Sardu, Celestino, Salvatore, Teresa, Marfella, Raffaele, Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9967934/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36834971
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043554
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author Galiero, Raffaele
Caturano, Alfredo
Vetrano, Erica
Beccia, Domenico
Brin, Chiara
Alfano, Maria
Di Salvo, Jessica
Epifani, Raffaella
Piacevole, Alessia
Tagliaferri, Giuseppina
Rocco, Maria
Iadicicco, Ilaria
Docimo, Giovanni
Rinaldi, Luca
Sardu, Celestino
Salvatore, Teresa
Marfella, Raffaele
Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo
author_facet Galiero, Raffaele
Caturano, Alfredo
Vetrano, Erica
Beccia, Domenico
Brin, Chiara
Alfano, Maria
Di Salvo, Jessica
Epifani, Raffaella
Piacevole, Alessia
Tagliaferri, Giuseppina
Rocco, Maria
Iadicicco, Ilaria
Docimo, Giovanni
Rinaldi, Luca
Sardu, Celestino
Salvatore, Teresa
Marfella, Raffaele
Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo
author_sort Galiero, Raffaele
collection PubMed
description Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the main microvascular complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sometimes, this could already be present at the time of diagnosis for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while it appears in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) almost 10 years after the onset of the disease. The impairment can involve both somatic fibers of the peripheral nervous system, with sensory-motor manifestations, as well as the autonomic system, with neurovegetative multiorgan manifestations through an impairment of sympathetic/parasympathetic conduction. It seems that, both indirectly and directly, the hyperglycemic state and oxygen delivery reduction through the vasa nervorum can determine inflammatory damage, which in turn is responsible for the alteration of the activity of the nerves. The symptoms and signs are therefore various, although symmetrical painful somatic neuropathy at the level of the lower limbs seems the most frequent manifestation. The pathophysiological aspects underlying the onset and progression of DN are not entirely clear. The purpose of this review is to shed light on the most recent discoveries in the pathophysiological and diagnostic fields concerning this complex and frequent complication of diabetes mellitus.
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spelling pubmed-99679342023-02-27 Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options Galiero, Raffaele Caturano, Alfredo Vetrano, Erica Beccia, Domenico Brin, Chiara Alfano, Maria Di Salvo, Jessica Epifani, Raffaella Piacevole, Alessia Tagliaferri, Giuseppina Rocco, Maria Iadicicco, Ilaria Docimo, Giovanni Rinaldi, Luca Sardu, Celestino Salvatore, Teresa Marfella, Raffaele Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo Int J Mol Sci Review Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the main microvascular complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sometimes, this could already be present at the time of diagnosis for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while it appears in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) almost 10 years after the onset of the disease. The impairment can involve both somatic fibers of the peripheral nervous system, with sensory-motor manifestations, as well as the autonomic system, with neurovegetative multiorgan manifestations through an impairment of sympathetic/parasympathetic conduction. It seems that, both indirectly and directly, the hyperglycemic state and oxygen delivery reduction through the vasa nervorum can determine inflammatory damage, which in turn is responsible for the alteration of the activity of the nerves. The symptoms and signs are therefore various, although symmetrical painful somatic neuropathy at the level of the lower limbs seems the most frequent manifestation. The pathophysiological aspects underlying the onset and progression of DN are not entirely clear. The purpose of this review is to shed light on the most recent discoveries in the pathophysiological and diagnostic fields concerning this complex and frequent complication of diabetes mellitus. MDPI 2023-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9967934/ /pubmed/36834971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043554 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Galiero, Raffaele
Caturano, Alfredo
Vetrano, Erica
Beccia, Domenico
Brin, Chiara
Alfano, Maria
Di Salvo, Jessica
Epifani, Raffaella
Piacevole, Alessia
Tagliaferri, Giuseppina
Rocco, Maria
Iadicicco, Ilaria
Docimo, Giovanni
Rinaldi, Luca
Sardu, Celestino
Salvatore, Teresa
Marfella, Raffaele
Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo
Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options
title Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options
title_full Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options
title_fullStr Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options
title_full_unstemmed Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options
title_short Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options
title_sort peripheral neuropathy in diabetes mellitus: pathogenetic mechanisms and diagnostic options
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9967934/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36834971
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043554
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