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Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the main microvascular complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sometimes, this could already be present at the time of diagnosis for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while it appears in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) almost 10 year...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9967934/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36834971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043554 |
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author | Galiero, Raffaele Caturano, Alfredo Vetrano, Erica Beccia, Domenico Brin, Chiara Alfano, Maria Di Salvo, Jessica Epifani, Raffaella Piacevole, Alessia Tagliaferri, Giuseppina Rocco, Maria Iadicicco, Ilaria Docimo, Giovanni Rinaldi, Luca Sardu, Celestino Salvatore, Teresa Marfella, Raffaele Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo |
author_facet | Galiero, Raffaele Caturano, Alfredo Vetrano, Erica Beccia, Domenico Brin, Chiara Alfano, Maria Di Salvo, Jessica Epifani, Raffaella Piacevole, Alessia Tagliaferri, Giuseppina Rocco, Maria Iadicicco, Ilaria Docimo, Giovanni Rinaldi, Luca Sardu, Celestino Salvatore, Teresa Marfella, Raffaele Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo |
author_sort | Galiero, Raffaele |
collection | PubMed |
description | Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the main microvascular complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sometimes, this could already be present at the time of diagnosis for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while it appears in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) almost 10 years after the onset of the disease. The impairment can involve both somatic fibers of the peripheral nervous system, with sensory-motor manifestations, as well as the autonomic system, with neurovegetative multiorgan manifestations through an impairment of sympathetic/parasympathetic conduction. It seems that, both indirectly and directly, the hyperglycemic state and oxygen delivery reduction through the vasa nervorum can determine inflammatory damage, which in turn is responsible for the alteration of the activity of the nerves. The symptoms and signs are therefore various, although symmetrical painful somatic neuropathy at the level of the lower limbs seems the most frequent manifestation. The pathophysiological aspects underlying the onset and progression of DN are not entirely clear. The purpose of this review is to shed light on the most recent discoveries in the pathophysiological and diagnostic fields concerning this complex and frequent complication of diabetes mellitus. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9967934 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99679342023-02-27 Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options Galiero, Raffaele Caturano, Alfredo Vetrano, Erica Beccia, Domenico Brin, Chiara Alfano, Maria Di Salvo, Jessica Epifani, Raffaella Piacevole, Alessia Tagliaferri, Giuseppina Rocco, Maria Iadicicco, Ilaria Docimo, Giovanni Rinaldi, Luca Sardu, Celestino Salvatore, Teresa Marfella, Raffaele Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo Int J Mol Sci Review Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the main microvascular complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sometimes, this could already be present at the time of diagnosis for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while it appears in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) almost 10 years after the onset of the disease. The impairment can involve both somatic fibers of the peripheral nervous system, with sensory-motor manifestations, as well as the autonomic system, with neurovegetative multiorgan manifestations through an impairment of sympathetic/parasympathetic conduction. It seems that, both indirectly and directly, the hyperglycemic state and oxygen delivery reduction through the vasa nervorum can determine inflammatory damage, which in turn is responsible for the alteration of the activity of the nerves. The symptoms and signs are therefore various, although symmetrical painful somatic neuropathy at the level of the lower limbs seems the most frequent manifestation. The pathophysiological aspects underlying the onset and progression of DN are not entirely clear. The purpose of this review is to shed light on the most recent discoveries in the pathophysiological and diagnostic fields concerning this complex and frequent complication of diabetes mellitus. MDPI 2023-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9967934/ /pubmed/36834971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043554 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Galiero, Raffaele Caturano, Alfredo Vetrano, Erica Beccia, Domenico Brin, Chiara Alfano, Maria Di Salvo, Jessica Epifani, Raffaella Piacevole, Alessia Tagliaferri, Giuseppina Rocco, Maria Iadicicco, Ilaria Docimo, Giovanni Rinaldi, Luca Sardu, Celestino Salvatore, Teresa Marfella, Raffaele Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options |
title | Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options |
title_full | Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options |
title_fullStr | Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options |
title_full_unstemmed | Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options |
title_short | Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options |
title_sort | peripheral neuropathy in diabetes mellitus: pathogenetic mechanisms and diagnostic options |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9967934/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36834971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043554 |
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