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Immune cell population and cytokine profiling suggest age dependent differences in the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Aging population is at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19, including hospitalization and death. In this work, to further understand the relationship between host age-related factors, immunosenescence/exhaustion of the immune system and the response to the virus, we characterized immune cell a...

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Autores principales: Aragon, Larraitz, Iribarren-López, Andrea, Alberro, Ainhoa, Iparraguirre, Leire, Von Wichmann, Miguel, Marimon, Jose María, Saiz-Calderon, Nagore, Agudo, Julia, Gálvez, M. Isabel, Cipitria, M. Carmen, Prada, Alvaro, Otaegui, David
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9968858/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36861136
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2023.1108149
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author Aragon, Larraitz
Iribarren-López, Andrea
Alberro, Ainhoa
Iparraguirre, Leire
Von Wichmann, Miguel
Marimon, Jose María
Saiz-Calderon, Nagore
Agudo, Julia
Gálvez, M. Isabel
Cipitria, M. Carmen
Prada, Alvaro
Otaegui, David
author_facet Aragon, Larraitz
Iribarren-López, Andrea
Alberro, Ainhoa
Iparraguirre, Leire
Von Wichmann, Miguel
Marimon, Jose María
Saiz-Calderon, Nagore
Agudo, Julia
Gálvez, M. Isabel
Cipitria, M. Carmen
Prada, Alvaro
Otaegui, David
author_sort Aragon, Larraitz
collection PubMed
description Aging population is at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19, including hospitalization and death. In this work, to further understand the relationship between host age-related factors, immunosenescence/exhaustion of the immune system and the response to the virus, we characterized immune cell and cytokine responses in 58 COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital and 40 healthy controls of different age ranges. Lymphocyte populations and inflammatory profiles were studied in blood samples, using different panels of multicolor flow cytometry. As expected, our analysis reveals differences at both the cellular and cytokine level in COVID-19 patients. Interestingly, when the age range analysis was carried out, the immunological response to the infection was found to differ with age, being especially affected in the group of 30–39 years. In this age range, an increased exhausted T cell response and a decrease of naïve T helper lymphocytes was found in patients, as well as a reduced concentration of the proinflammatory TNF, IL-1β and IL-8 cytokines. Besides, the correlation between age and the study variables was evaluated, and multiple cell types and interleukins were found to correlate with donor age. Notably, the correlations of T helper naïve and effector memory cells, T helper 1–17 cells, TNF, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-8, among others, showed differences between healthy controls and COVID-19 patients. Our findings, in the context of other previous studies, suggest that aging affects the behavior of the immune system in COVID-19 patients. They suggest that young individuals are able to mount an initial response to SARS-CoV-2, but some of them present an accelerated exhaustion of the cell response and an insufficient inflammatory response, resulting in a moderate to severe COVID-19. On the other hand, in older patients there is a smaller immune cell response to the virus, reflected in fewer differences in immune populations between COVID-19 patients and controls. Nevertheless, old patients show more evidence of an inflammatory phenotype, suggesting that the underlying inflammation associated with their age is exacerbated by the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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spelling pubmed-99688582023-02-28 Immune cell population and cytokine profiling suggest age dependent differences in the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection Aragon, Larraitz Iribarren-López, Andrea Alberro, Ainhoa Iparraguirre, Leire Von Wichmann, Miguel Marimon, Jose María Saiz-Calderon, Nagore Agudo, Julia Gálvez, M. Isabel Cipitria, M. Carmen Prada, Alvaro Otaegui, David Front Aging Aging Aging population is at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19, including hospitalization and death. In this work, to further understand the relationship between host age-related factors, immunosenescence/exhaustion of the immune system and the response to the virus, we characterized immune cell and cytokine responses in 58 COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital and 40 healthy controls of different age ranges. Lymphocyte populations and inflammatory profiles were studied in blood samples, using different panels of multicolor flow cytometry. As expected, our analysis reveals differences at both the cellular and cytokine level in COVID-19 patients. Interestingly, when the age range analysis was carried out, the immunological response to the infection was found to differ with age, being especially affected in the group of 30–39 years. In this age range, an increased exhausted T cell response and a decrease of naïve T helper lymphocytes was found in patients, as well as a reduced concentration of the proinflammatory TNF, IL-1β and IL-8 cytokines. Besides, the correlation between age and the study variables was evaluated, and multiple cell types and interleukins were found to correlate with donor age. Notably, the correlations of T helper naïve and effector memory cells, T helper 1–17 cells, TNF, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-8, among others, showed differences between healthy controls and COVID-19 patients. Our findings, in the context of other previous studies, suggest that aging affects the behavior of the immune system in COVID-19 patients. They suggest that young individuals are able to mount an initial response to SARS-CoV-2, but some of them present an accelerated exhaustion of the cell response and an insufficient inflammatory response, resulting in a moderate to severe COVID-19. On the other hand, in older patients there is a smaller immune cell response to the virus, reflected in fewer differences in immune populations between COVID-19 patients and controls. Nevertheless, old patients show more evidence of an inflammatory phenotype, suggesting that the underlying inflammation associated with their age is exacerbated by the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9968858/ /pubmed/36861136 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2023.1108149 Text en Copyright © 2023 Aragon, Iribarren-López, Alberro, Iparraguirre, Von Wichmann, Marimon, Saiz-Calderon, Agudo, Gálvez, Cipitria, Prada and Otaegui. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Aging
Aragon, Larraitz
Iribarren-López, Andrea
Alberro, Ainhoa
Iparraguirre, Leire
Von Wichmann, Miguel
Marimon, Jose María
Saiz-Calderon, Nagore
Agudo, Julia
Gálvez, M. Isabel
Cipitria, M. Carmen
Prada, Alvaro
Otaegui, David
Immune cell population and cytokine profiling suggest age dependent differences in the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
title Immune cell population and cytokine profiling suggest age dependent differences in the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
title_full Immune cell population and cytokine profiling suggest age dependent differences in the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
title_fullStr Immune cell population and cytokine profiling suggest age dependent differences in the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
title_full_unstemmed Immune cell population and cytokine profiling suggest age dependent differences in the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
title_short Immune cell population and cytokine profiling suggest age dependent differences in the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
title_sort immune cell population and cytokine profiling suggest age dependent differences in the response to sars-cov-2 infection
topic Aging
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9968858/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36861136
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2023.1108149
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