The complexity of human papilloma virus in cancers: a narrative review

Among human tumorigenic viruses, the role of Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been proven as one of the most important oncoviruses that are associated with a large number of cancers. Most cancers of the genital area such cervical and anal cancer as are caused by HPV, and in many other cancers, such as colorectal, gastric, liver, esophageal, urinary bladder, and head and neck cancers, it is considered as one of the important risk factors. Our search was conducted for published researches between 2000 and 2022 by using several international databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science as well as Google scholar. We also evaluated additional evidence from relevant published articles. It has been demonstrated that HPV can promote tumorigenesis via focusing on genes, proteins, and signaling pathways, by using E6 and E7 oncoproteins and inhibiting two crucial tumor suppressors, P53 and Rb. The following study was performed to investigate different malignant cancers under the influence of HPV infection and changes in molecular factors caused by HPV infection.